https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1027/thumbnail.jp

Brown, Rachel

O\u27Keefe, Sean

English

Morehead State University

Spring 2016 Department of Biology & Chemistry, College of Science & Technology ABSTRACT According to Charles Covell's 1999 work The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Kentucky: An Annotated Checklist and its three supplements, there are 2493 species of Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths, and skippers) known from Kentucky, with 563 of these occurring in Rowan County (RC). Our project updates Covell's records from RC via data from The Society of Kentucky Lepidopterists and the current Lepidoptera collections of Morehead State University (MSU) and Jonathan Smith. This poster concludes our research updating the superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Riodinidae. Previous posters have shown the results of the first three families, where we identified numerous new county records (NCRs) (one in Papilionidae, four in Pieridae, and eleven in Lycaenidae, bringing RC's total to six, eight, and eighteen species respectively). Here we update the Nymphalidae and Riodinidae found in RC and provide members' common and scientific names, Hodge number, phenotype, seasonality, and host plants. Covell records eighteen species of Nymphalidae and no species of Riodinidae in RC. We identify eleven NCRs in Nymphalidae and none in Riodinidae. INTRODUCTION The superfamily Papilionoidea contains the approximately 20,000 "true butterflies" and its members are subdivided into five families: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Riodinidae (A ll '"· 1997) . Of these, around 800 can he found in North America with 95 in Kentucky <Cove ll , 1999) . In previous posters, we updated Rowan County (RC) records for Papilionidae (swallowtails), Pieridae (whites and sulfurs), and Lycaenidae (harvesters, hairstreaks, coppers, and blues), finding one, four, and eleven new county records (NCRs) respectively. Here, we show updated records for the families Riodinidae (Metalmarks) and Nymphalidae (Brushfoots). Riodinidae: Most metalmarks inhabit tropical localities and there is considerable confusion taxonomically as well as high similarity between some members. Around 1,400 species are recognized with 20 in North America and two in KY (B"gg,.;ct,, 2o 1J; covell. 1999). They come in a myriad of colors and have small to medium wings displaying intricate patterns. No metalmarks are known from RC. Nymphalidae: Brushfoots are the largest family in Papilionoidea and contain many iconic species, including the famous migrating Monarch (Fig.26). With around 6,000 members <B"g'"'"'· 2016), they vary widely in wingspan, wing-shape, color, and diet. About 209 brushfoots inhabit North America (B, gg,;de, 2o 16) and Covell (1999) records 42 in Kentucky with 18 from RC. This numerous group is divided into several subfamilies: Nymphalinae (Brushfoots), Satyrinae (Satyrs & Wood Nymphs), Hel iconiinae (Longwings), Limenitidinae (Admirals), Danainae (Milkweed Butterflies), Libytheinae (Snouts), Apaturinae (Hackberry Butterflies), and Charaxinae (Leaf Butterflies). Most members do not use their prolegs for walking and often have comb-like hairs on them, hence this family's cormnon name (Oplec. 1998) . KEY: V=ventral, D=dorsal, FW=forewing, HW=hindwing, WS=wingspan, S=seasonality, HP= host plants, M=male, & F=female. Investigating Rowan County Lepidoptera biodiversity, part five: Nymphalidae and Riodinidae Rachel Brown and Sean O'Kee e, Mentor Nymphalinae: Brushfoots Fig .\ A Fig.IB Fig.4B Winter W\Vw.bugguide.net IS .IS 4420 Polygonia interrogationis (Question Mark) Figs. tA-D Seasonally dimorphic. Both with white "question mark" on V HW (Fig. I C) . D (Fig. I B): FW orange with 4'h black dot not seen in P. comma (Fig.2). Winter: V (Fig.! A) grey-red, D (Fig. I B) with more orange. Summer: V (Fig. 1 C) brown bark pattern with marginal black dots, D (Fig. 1 D) mainly black HW. WS: 2.25-3in. S: fall-spring or spring-summer. HP: Nettle, false nettle, elms, & hackberry. 4421 Polygonia comma (Eastern Comma) Figs.2A-D Seasonally dimorphic. Both with "comma" white mark on V HW (Fig.2C), D (Fig.2B) FW orange with black spots, lacking 4'h dot of P interrogationis (Fig.l ). Winter: V (Fig.2A) dull grey, D (Fig.2B) HW with more orange. Summer: V (Fig.2C) brown bark pattern, D (Fig.2D) HW mostly black. WS: 2-2.4in. S: Sept.-May and May-Aug. HP: Nettle, false nettle, elms, & hops. *4432 Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak) Figs.3 A-B V (Fig.3A): Rippled grey with light margin. D (Fig.3B): Deep burgundy with submarginal blue dots and marginal yellow band. WS: 3-4in. S: June-May (estivate then hibernate). HP; Willow, birch, cottonwood, elm, & hackberry. 4434 Vanessa virginiensis (American Painted Lady) Figs.4A-B V (Fig.4A): FW salmon with brown & white, HW with white cobweb & two large eyes. D (Fig.4B): brown, yellow, & gold with four submarginal black dots. WS; 2-2.6in. S; Summer. HP: Everlasting & pussy toes. Fig.5B fig.78 Fig.88 h g.9H JS .IS JS JS JS *4435 Vanessa cardui (Painted Lady) Figs.SA-8 4437 Vanessa atalanta (Red Admiral) Figs. 6A-B *4440 Junonia coenia {Common Buckeye) 4481 Phyciodes tharos (Pearl Crescent) 4490 Chlosyne nycteis (Silvery Checkerspot) V (Fig.SA): FW orange with brown & white, HW with white cobweb & five eyes. D (Fig.SB): Figs.7A-B Figs.8A-8 Fi_gs.9A-8 V (Fig.6A): HW brown bark-like, FW with red on V (Fig.7A): HW Tan with red postmedian band. V: (Fig.8A) FW blurry calico coloring, HW V (Fig.9A): Mosaic ot tan, brown, & gold with black and brown apex. D (Fig.6B): Brown basally FW with orange & white stripes and black eye. D with rows of yellow, tan, & brown. D (Fig.SB): submarginal spots. D (Fig.9B): Dark basally turning to H W brown-orange with five submarginal black dots. WS: 2.2-2.8in. S: Colonizes May-Oct. HP: then rust margin (HW) or median rust band with black (Fig.7B): Brown with three prominent gold- Orange-gold with black margins, HW with gold with dark margins. FW with light submarginal white-spotted apexes (FW). WS: 2.25-3in. S: April- ringed eyes. WS: 1.6-2. 7in. S: May-Oct. HP: submarginal black spots. WS: 1.25-1.6in. S: spots & HW with dark ones. WS: 1.5-1.9in. S: May-Thistles, mallows, legumes, & many others. Oct. HP: Nettles, false nettle, wood nettle, & pellitory. Sna dra on, false fox love, toadflax, & ruellia. A ril -Oct. HP: Asters. Sept. HP: Asters, Black-eyed Susans, & wingstem. ------~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~---------------=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~ www.bugguide.net 4516 Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore Checkerspot) Figs. IOA-B V (Fig.IOA): Black with several rows of white and orange patches. D (Fig. 1 OB): Basal black with two submarginal rows of white dots and an orange margin. WS: 1.75-2.75in. S: June-Aug. HP: Turtlehead, beardtongue, & false foxglove. Heliconiinae: Longwings "':"F::""ig";'.I4:'-::C -"----/'> Fig. 148 F www.gm..c.org M www.~nc.org *4452 Speyeria idalia (Regal Fritilla ry) Figs. 14A-C Slightly sexually dimorphic. V (Fig.14A): FW orange with black/white margins, HW white spots on black. F D (Fig. 14B): FW orange with costal black & white dots, HW rust to dark with two rows of light patches. M D (Fig.l4C): FW orange & black, lacking marginal white spots, HW rust to dark with median row of light patches tben marginal row of orange patches. WS: 3-4in. S: .June-Oct. HP: Birdsfoot & violets. fig.20B .IS JS F ~=:--1 Satyrinae: Satyrs & Wood-Nymphs 1 Fig.I2B Fig. l iB f ig. IJB f ig. I J C .IS JS JS 4573 Cyllopsis gemma (Gemmed Satyr) * 4587 Cercyonis pegalu ulope *4568 Enodia portlandia (Southern Pearly-eye) Figs. II A-8 . V (Fig. llA): Light grey with median caramel lines & several gold-ringed eyes. D (Fig. 11 B): Russet, HW with five solid spots, FW submarginal spot line slightly curved. Gold antennae clubs (Fig.llA). WP: 2.2-2.75in. S: March-Oct. HP: Giant cane & switch cane. Figs.\2A-8 V (Fig. 12A): Grainy tan, HW with grey apex enclosing four dark reflective spots. D (Fig. II B): Brown, HW with four dark brown marginal spots. WS: 1.9-2.25in. S: April-Sept. HP: Bermuda grass. (Common Wood Nymph) Figs.I3A-c Polymorphic. Size of prominent yellow band and presence of duel eyes on both sides of FW variable. V (Fig.I3A): Fig. I 58 JS .IS 4568.1 Enodia anthedon (Northern Pearly-eye) Figs.I5A-8 V (Fig. I SA): Tan with median caramel lines & gold-ringed eyes. D (Fig. 15B): Light brown, HW with five solid spots, FW submarginal spot lint: straight. Black antennae clubs. WP: 2.2-2.6in. S: June-Aug. HP: White grass, broadleaf uniola, & bottlebrush. JS M JS Fig. \68 • .I S JS *4569 Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian Brown) F1gs.I6A-B V (Fig.l6A): Tan with median caramel lines, FW with four nearby eyes, HW eyes larger. D (Fig.16B): Tan with small submarginal eyes. WS: 1.4-1.7in. S: July-Sept. HP: Sedge & giant sedge. Wrinkled brown with variable numbers of HW submarginal eyespots. D (Figs.l3B-C): Brown with single spot. WS: 1.9-3in. S: June-Oct. HP: Purple top & other grasses. f ig.\78 JS JS 4575 Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina Satyr) Figs.! lA-B V (Fig.17 A): Grey-brown with two brown median lines & distinct submarginal eyes. D (Fig. 17B): Brown with two faint spots. WS: 1.25-l.Sin. S: April-Oct. HP: Carpet grass, centipede grass, & other grasses. Fig.\88 .I S 4578 Megisto cyme/a (Little Wood Satyr) Figs.I&A-B V (Fig.l8A): tan with two straight caramel lines & two prominent gold-ringed eyes on both FW & HW. D (Fig. 188): Brown, also with sets of two spots. WS: 1.6-1.9in. S: June-July. H P: Grasses. Fig.2JB JS JS *4447 Euptoieta claudia (Variegated Fritillary) Figs.I9A-8 V (Fig. 19A): Cascade of brown, orange, & tan lacking light spots. D (Fig. l9B): Brown to light gold with marginal black spots. WS: 1.8-3in. S: April-Oct. HP: Violets, maypops, & others. *4449 Speyeria diana (Diana Fritilla ry) Figs.20A-D Sexually dimorphic with similar underlying patterns. F V (Fig.20A): Navy with postmedian & marginal white lines, FW with white & sky blue patches. F D (Fig.20B): Navy, FW with three rows of light spots & HW with two marginal rows of sky blue patches. M V (Fig.20C): Gold & brown, HW with same white lines & FW dark basal to median. M D (Fig.20D): Dark brown ti ll postmedian, then gold with marginal dots. WS: 3.5-4.5in. S: June-Sept. HP: Violets. 4450 Speyeria cybele (Great Spangled F ritillary) Figs.2I A-8 V (Fig.2 1A): FW gold with black stripes & dots, HW brown to tan with large white patches. D (Fig.21 B): Dark brown to gold with black lines & dots. WS: 3-4in. S: June-Aug. HP: Violets. 4451 Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite F rit illary) Figs.22A-8 V (Fig.22A): FW likeS. cybele (Fig.21 ), but H W lacks tan submarginal band. D (Fig.22B): FW like S. cybele, but HW has unique median black pattern. WS: 2.6-3.3in. S: June-Sept. HP: Violets. 4465 Boloria bellona (Meadow F ritillary) Figs.23A-8 Flat FW apex (Fig.23B). V (Fig.23A): FW gold with black patterns, including black ring basally, HW autumn mixture with two rows of marginal dark dots. D (Fig.23B): both wings gold with black patterns & two rows of submarginal dark dots. WS : 1.3-2in. S: April-Oct. HP: Violets. Limenitidinae: Admirals Libytheinae: Snouts Fig.24A Fig.26C Fig.27A Fig.2 7B Fig.28A JS JS -MOREHEAD STATE UNIVERSITY MATERIALS & METHODS '" Previous RC biodiversity records were derived from Covell's 1999 The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Kentucky: An Annotated Checklist and its three supplements (Covell et a!. 2000, Gibson & Covell 2006, Covell & Gibson 2008). Updated records were assembled from the collections of MSU (MSU), A. Jonathan Smith (JS), and The Society of Kentucky Lepidopterist's database (SKL). The field guide Eastern Butterflies by Paul Opler (1998) was used to determine phenotype, seasonality, & host plants. Photographs were taken of A. Jonathan Smith's (JS) specimens or downloaded from websites. RESULTS We found eleven NCRs* in Nymphalidae and none in Riodinidae. o Nymphal is antiopasn, Js, Msu_Mourning Cloak (Fig.3) o Vanessa cardui18-Painted Lady (Fig.S) o Junonia coenia1s, Msu_common Buckeye (Fig.?) o Enodia portlandiaSKL, MSU_Southem Pearly-eye (Fig.ll) o Cercyonis peg ala alopeKL, Msu_common Wood Nymph (Fig.l3) o Speyeria idafiaMsu_Regal Fritillary (Fig.l4) o Satyrodes appalachia1S-Appalachian Brown (Fig. 16) o Euptoieta claudials-Variegated Fritillary (Fig. 19) o Speyeria dianaSKL, JS, MSU_Diana Fritillary (Fig.20) o Libytheana carinenta1s-American Snout (Fig.27) o Asterocampa clyton1s-Tawny Emperor (Fig.29) This brings RC's total Nymphalids to 29, while Riodinids remain at zero . *Denotes a NCR. Superscripts signify specimen's origin. DISCUSSION Buttert1ies have been well cataloged in terms of described species and general ranges, but Covell's work is significant since it provides more precise ranges . Covell (1999) recorded several of our NCRs from nearby KY counties. The NCRs may have been recent migrants, but most likely represent insufficient collecting prior to Covell's catalog. Covell ( 1999) noted just two Riodinidae species in KY and both are said to be uncommon. Of the 42 Nymphalids known from KY, we now know at least 29 occur in RC. This correlates well with RC's large size and diverse ecology. All major brushfoot subfamilies are represented in RC except for Charaxinae, a largely tropical group (Opb, 1,,,,, which has one uncommon species recorded in KY. Overall, our Lepidoptera biodiversity project has found 25 NCRs of Papilionoidea for RC, increasing our species list to 61. While certainly more buttert1ies remain to be recorded, we hope this work will interest local lepidopterists and provide a resource for species identification. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the MSU Department of Biology and Chemistry for partial funding and Johnathan Smith for providing specimens to photograph. .IS JS 4457 Asterocampa celtis (Hackberry Emperor) *4462.1 Asterocampa clyton (Tawny Emperor) 4522 Limenitis arthemis (Red-spotted Purple) 4523 Limenitis archippus (Viceroy) Figs.2SA-B , 'd l F1gs.J4A-8 F b . . k · 4614 Danaus p lexippus (Monarch) Figs.26A-c *4411 Libytheana carinenta (American Snout) V (Fig.24A): In escent b ue with orange basal & submarginal amous Monarc mimic er. V (Fig.25A): Peach spots and two rows of pale dashes. D (Fig.24B): Iridescent with black veins, HW with black postmedian navy fading to pale blue (HW) or black (FW) with rows of vein, which the Monarch (Fig.26) lacks. D light bands. WS: 3-4in. S; April-Oct. HP; Wild cherry, poplar, (Fig.25B): Orange with black stripes & margins aspens, & black oaks. Note: White Admiral is same species, with one row of white spots. WS: 2.6-3.3in. S: but its phenotype is not recorded from RC. May-Sept. HP: Willows. Likely the best known butterfly and renowned for the fall brood 's migration to Mexico. All wings with prominent black veins and black margin with two rows of white spots. HW lacks Viceroy's (Fig.25) postmedian black vein. Males (Fig.26C) with scent patch on HW, which females (Fig.26B) lack. V (Fig.26A): HW peach, FW orange with golden apex. D (Figs.26B-C): Golden-orange. WS: 3.4-4.9in. S: Migrates north and resides here June-Aug. HP: Milkweed (makes species toxic to predators). Figs. 27A-8 Distinctive wing margins and snout. V (Fig.27A): Mottled grey HW, bright orange, white, & black on FW. D (Fig.27B): Deep brown with orange & white patches. WS: 1.6-2in. S: May-Aug. HP: Hackberries & sugarberry. Figs.28A-8 V (Fig.28A): Cream with tan swirls, HW with seven postmedian eyes, FW with single eye. D (Fig.28B): Brown & tan, HW with six postmedian dark spots, FW with one dark spot & several white patches. WS: I .9-2.5in. S: May-Oct. HP: Sugarbcrry & hackberry. Figs.29A-C Some polymorphism. V (Fig.29A): pale red with dark postmedian red (HW) or cream (FW) patches. D (Figs.29B-C): HW with five submarginal eyes, FW with prominent black discal bars. Golden brown color variable. WS: 1.9-2. 75in. S: June-Aug. HP: Sugarberry & hackberry. 

Investigating Rowan County Lepidoptera biodiversity, part five: Nymphalidae and Riodinidae

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&amp;context=student_scholarship_posters

Investigating Rowan County Lepidoptera biodiversity, part five: Nymphalidae and Riodinidae

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