The objective of the experiment reported herein was to study the effect of lysine and methionine supplementation when added to diets at levels equal to that present in a similar diet containing 2 or 4% more protein

Fredrikson, J. F.

Libal, G. W.

Wahlstrom, R. C.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1971 Animal Science Reports1971Effect of Lysine and Methionine Supplementationon Performance and Carcass Characteristics ofGrowing-Finishing SwineR. C. WahlstromSouth Dakota State UniversityG. W. LibalJ. F. FredriksonFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1971This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationWahlstrom, R. C.; Libal, G. W.; and Fredrikson, J. F., "Effect of Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Performance and CarcassCharacteristics of Growing-Finishing Swine" (1971). South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971. Paper 7.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1971/7South Dakota S tate Universi ty Brookings , South Dakota Department of Animal S cience Agri cul tural Experiment S tation A.S. Series 71-35 Effect of Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteris tics of Growing-Finishing Swine R. C. Wahls trom , G. W. Lib al and J. F. Fredrikson Lysine and methionine are two of the essential amino acids for swine that are thought to be mos t limi ting in com-s oybean meal diets. Previous research at the Southeas t South Dakota Experiment Farm indicat ed that lysine improved diets that were low in protein,  but pigs fed low protein diets plus lysine did not gain as rapidly as did those receiving high protein diets . The objective of the experiment reported herein was to s tudy the effect of lysine and methionine supplementation when added to diets at levels equal to that present in a s imilar diet containing 2 or 4% more protein. Procedure Seventy-two weanling pigs averaging approximately 47 lb. were divided i nto 12 lots of s ix pigs each. Each lot contained three barrows and three gilts. Four replicate lots received each of the following dietary treatments: 1. 16% protein diet reduced to 14% protein at 110 lb. 2. 14% protein diet reduced to 12% at 110 lb. plus 0. 16% L-lysine and 0. 03% methionine. 3. 12% protein diet reduced to 10% at 110 lb. plus 0.31% L-lysine and 0. 05% methionine. All diets contained the same amount of lysine and methionine. Composi tion of the diets is shown in table 1. Pigs were weighed weekly and individual pigs were removed from the experiment when they weighed over 205 lb. on the weekly weigh day. These pigs were marketed at John Morrell and Co. , S ioux Falls , South Dakota, where carcass data were ob tained. Several pigs in treatment 3 did not reach this final weigh t figure by the time the experiment was terminated. Therefore , only 14 pigs are included in the carcass data for treatment 3. Carcass data were ob tained after the carcass es had been cooled for approxi­mately 24 hours. Data collected were carcass length , b ackfat , percent ham and loin and area of the longissimus dorsi mus cle (loin eye). Results Growth performance data are summarized in table 2 and carcass data in tab le 3. During the growing phase pigs fed the 16% protein diet gained 8% fas ter than those pigs fed the 14% diet and 31% fas ter than those fed the 12% protein diet , even though all diets contained equal amoun ts of lysine and methionine. These results would indicate that either other amino acids are deficient in these low protein 2 5  - 2 -diets or that the b alance of amino acids is not correct for maximum growth when lysine and methionine are supplemented to low protein die ts. During the finishing phase pigs gained at similar rates , 1.66 lb. per day , when fed 14 or 12% protein diets , but thos e fed the 10% protein diet gained considerab ly slower , 1.25 lb . per day. For the entire experimental period gains were 1.64 , 1.59 and 1.25 lb. per day for pigs fed the 16 , 14 and 12% protein diets , respectively. Feed per gain increased as the protein level of the die t decreased. During the growing phas e pigs required 2.84 , 2.90 and 2.99 lb. of feed per pound of gain when fed the 16 , 14 or 12% protein die ts , respectively. Feed per gain for the finishing period was 3.51 , 3.69 and 4.06 lb. of feed per pound of gain. For the entire trial, approximately 4 and 10% more feed was required by the pigs fed the 14 and 12% protein diets , respectively , compared to thos e pigs fed the 16% protein diet. Carcasses from pigs fed the low protein die t had s ligh tly more backfat , les s  percent ham and loin and smaller loin eye areas. The data were similar t o  that ob tained in previous experiments. However , the magnitude of the differences was not as great. There are two possib le explanations as to why low protein diets did not cause as severe an effect on carcass characteris tics in this trial. Only 14 of 23 pigs were represented in the data. These were the fas tes t gaining pigs in this treatment and thus may not be a true representative average of all pigs fed the low protein diets. Another reason that may account for s omewhat less effect on carcass quality is that the low protein diet was s upplemented with lysine and methionine. O ther work at the South Dakota experiment station has indicated an improvement on carcass quality due to supplemental lysine. Summary Pigs fed low protein diets , 12% to 110 lb. and 10% from 110 lb. to market weigh t ,  supplemented with lysine and me thionine to a level equal to that in 16 to 14% p rotein diets gained s lower , required more fe ed per unit of gain and produced carcass es with more backfat , less percent ham and loin and smaller loin eye areas than pigs fed 16 to 14% protein diets or 14 to 12% protein die ts plus supplemental lysine and me thionine. 26 - 3 -Tab le 1. Composition of Diets (Percent) Treatment no . Ground yellow corn Soybean meal (44%) Dicalcium phosphate Limes tone Trace mineral salt Vitamin-antibiotic premixa Lysine-me thionine premix Calculated analysis Crude protein , % Lysine , % Methionine , % Calcium , % Phosphorus , % Weaning to 110 lb . 1 2 3 763 208 16.5 5 5 2.5 16.0 0.81 0.29 0.65 0.65 817 143 17.5 5 5 2.5 10 14.0 0.81 0 .29 0.66 0.65 871 87 18.5 5 5 2.5 11 12.0 0.81 0 .29 0.67 0.65 110 lb . to market wt . 1 2 3 823 150 14.5 5 5 2.5 14.0 0.66 0.27 0.59 0.60 877 86 14.5 5 5 2.5 10 12.0 0.66 0.27 0.58 0.58 932 29 15.5 5 5 2.5 1 1  10.0 0.66 0.27 0.59 0. 57 a Provided 1 , 500 I.U. vitamin A ,  150 I.U. vitamin D ,  1 mg. riboflavin , 2.5 mg . calcium pantothenate ,  7.5 mg . niacin , 50 mg .  choline , 5 mcg . vitamin B12 and 5 mg. oxy te tracycline per lb . of diet . Tab le 2. Growth Performance of Pigs Fed High , Medium and Low Protein Diets of Equal Lysine and Me thionine Content No . of pigsa Avg . initial w t . , lb .b Avg . final wt. , lb . Avg . daily gain, lb . Avg . feed cons ./day ,  lb . Feed/ gain , lb . High protein (16-14%) 24 46. 7 210.3 1.64 5.30 3.23 Medium protein + lysine and methionine (14-12%) 24 47.0 210.5 1.59 5 .35 3.36 Low protein + lysine and methionine (12-10%) 23 46.9 184.3 1.25 4.45 3.55 a Four replicates of 6 pigs each per treatment . One pig died on low protein die t .  b Avg . initial weights were 53.3 , 41.8 , 46.2 and 46.2 lb . for replicates 1 ,  2 ,  3 and 4 ,  respectively . 27 - 4 -Tab le 3. Effect of Dietary Protein on Carcass Characteris tics No. of carcasses Cold carcass wt. ,  lb. Avg. length , in. Avg. percent ham and loin Avg. loin eye area , sq. in. High protein (16-14%) 24 153.5 30.3 37 .25 3.70 2 8  Medium protein + lysine and methionine (14-12%) 24 155.0 30.4 37 .95 3.82 Low protein + lysine and methionine (12-10%) 14 153.4 30.6 37 .01 3.39 

Effect of Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Swine

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Effect of Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Swine

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