ULTRAZVUČNA PROSUDBA MIGRACIJE PLACENTE PREVIJE U ODNOSU NA MAJČINE DEMOGRAFSKE ČIMBENIKE

Abstract

Objective. To assess the association between maternal age, parity, history of prior cesarean delivery and placental location in evaluating the persistence and rate of placental migration in low-lying or complete placenta previas followed by serial ultrasound examination. Study design. This is a retrospective study of 92 cases of low-lying/placenta previa diagnosed at 28 weeks of gestation followed serially by transvaginal ultrasound. The patients were stratified into three groups depending on the placenta to internal cervical os distance: (1) an overlap of 0.0 cm and over the cervical os (complete previa), (2) 0.1 to 2.9 cm (marginal placenta previa), (3) 3.0 cm or above (normal placental location). The ¬prevalence of complete and marginal placenta previas, and the mean rate of placental »migration« (mm/week) were ¬obtained at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, and compared with maternal age, parity, history of prior cesarean delivery and placental location. Results. At the time of delivery, 51 patients had placenta previa: 22 complete and 29 marginal placenta previas. In contrast, 41 patients had sufficient placental ’migration’ to be categorized into the normal placental location group. The prevalence of complete placenta of 3.3% and 6.5% at 28 weeks, and 3.3% and 5.4% at 36 weeks’ gestation, for patients who had parity more than 1, or history or prior cesarean delivery (CD), respectively, was not statistically significant. The rate of placental migration was significantly associated with maternal age (p=0.002), while did not differ when stratified by parity (p=0.672) or prior history of CD (p=0.805), or placental location (p=0.147). Conclusion. Maternal age significantly modifies the rate of placenta previa migration. A history of prior CD, maternal parity and placental location did not affect the rate of placental migration in our sample of patients with complete or marginal placenta previa diagnosed by ¬ultrasound at 28 weeks’ gestation.Cilj rada. Prosuditi povezanost dobi majke, pariteta, prethodnog carskog reza i smještaja posteljice, s perzistiranjem ili migracijom posteljice kod nisko nasjele ili predležeće placente previje, praćene serijskim ultrazvučnim pregledima. Način istraživanja. Retrospektivna studija 92 nisko nasjele posteljice ili placente previje, dijagnosticirane s 28 tjedana i serijski ultrazvučno praćene. Bolesnice su bile podijeljene u tri skupine, ovisno o udaljenosti posteljice od unutrašnjeg ušća cerviksa: 1) preraštanje više od 0,0 mm preko ušća cerviksa (kompletna previja); 2) 0,1 do 2,9 cm (marginalna previja); 3) 3,0 ili više cm od ušća cerviksa (normalni smještaj posteljice). Zastupljenost kompletnih i marginalnih placenta previja i srednja vrijednost »migracije« posteljice (mm/tjedan) su utvrđeni s 28 i 36 tjedana trudnoće te uspoređeni s dobi majke, paritetom, ranijim carskim rezom i smještajem posteljice. Rezultati. Od 92 trudnice s 28 tjedana, u vrijeme poroda 51 trudnica je imala placentu previju: 22 kompletnu i 29 marginalnu, dok je u 41 trudnice posteljica dovoljno »migrirala« da bi bila razvrstana u skupinu s normalnim smještajem. Zastupljenost kompletne previje za trudnice s više od jednog poroda od 3,3% s 28 i 3,3% s 36 tjedana, odnosno s prethodnim carskim rezom od 6,5% s 28 i 5,4% s 36 tjedana, nije statistički signifikantno različita. Stopa »migracije« posteljice je znakovito povezana s dobi trudnice (p=0,002), a nije s paritetom (p=0,672), ranijim carskim rezom (p=0,805) ili ležištem posteljice (p=0,147). Zaključak. Dob trudnice znakovito modificira stupanj migracije placente previje. U našem uzorku kompletnih i marginalnih posteljica otkrivenih ultrazvukom s 28 tjedana, raniji carski rez, paritet majke i ležište posteljice (sprijeda/straga) ne utječu na stupanj migracije posteljice

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