The research Article presents a Scientometric analyst of research output in India in the field of Greenhouse Effect during the period of 2001 to 2017 as reflected in SCOPUS Database. Collected data for a total of 568 have been published in India in the field of Greenhouse effect and it’s analyzed according to objectives. The research paper reveal that the year wise growth of literature in terms of year wise growth in the number of publications, subject areas leading to maximum publications, international affiliations, relative growth rate, doubling time and the individual contributions of authors to name a few and their publication reveals that Tiwari, G.N  published highest number of papers 21 (3.70%), Document Wise Distribution show that the most number of documents are of the type article totaling to 395 (69.54%) publications. Foreign Countries Contribution in India shows that The United States of America (USA) has the top rate of involvement with 60 (31.91%)

N, Dr. Rajendran

P, Mohanathan

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnLibrary Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln9-16-2018Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: AScientometric AnalysisMohanathan PPeriyar University, pmohanathan@gmail.comDr. Rajendran NSalem Sowdeswari College, rajendranlibra@gmail.comFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilpracPart of the Library and Information Science CommonsP, Mohanathan and N, Dr. Rajendran, "Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis" (2018). LibraryPhilosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2027.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2027Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis P. Mohanathan1 and Dr. N.Rajendran2 1. Research Scholar, Periyar University, Salem (email: pmohanathan@gmail.com) 2. Librarian (S.G), Salem Sowdeswari College, Salem.(email: rajendranlibra@gmail.com) Abstract The research Article presents a Scientometric analyst of research output in India in the field of Greenhouse Effect during the period of 2001 to 2017 as reflected in SCOPUS Database. Collected data for a total of 568 have been published in India in the field of Greenhouse effect and it’s analyzed according to objectives. The research paper reveal that the year wise growth of literature in terms of year wise growth in the number of publications, subject areas leading to maximum publications, international affiliations, relative growth rate, doubling time and the individual contributions of authors to name a few and their publication reveals that Tiwari, G.N  published highest number of papers 21 (3.70%), Document Wise Distribution show that the most number of documents are of the type article totaling to 395 (69.54%) publications. Foreign Countries Contribution in India shows that The United States of America (USA) has the top rate of involvement with 60 (31.91%).   Key Words: Scientometrics Analysis, Greenhouse Effect, Relative Growth Rate, India,  Source Type, SCOPUS.  1. Introduction This research aims to study and scrutinize the SCOPUS database on publications in India regarding Greenhouse Effect and work out statistics concerning the yearly growth in the number of publications, discerning the Ranking of Individual Authors, considerate the degree of Individual Contributions by Indian Universities / Institution and understanding the rate of reappearance of keywords.    2 Review of Literature Vimlesh Patel (2018) studied Scientometrics analysis of papers published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research in the period of 2010 to 2016. His research reveals that highest number of papers published in 2014 with 68 (16.92%). In country wise publication studied that USA in the highest publication with 138 (34.33%) and followed by England 56 (13.93%). It has been found that highest contributed institutions was University Of Oxford with 17 Publications during the research period 2010 to 2016.  R.Senthilkumar and S. Abirami (2018) Analysed Bibliometric study that output of International Journal of paediatric Surgery. The data collected (Totally 28 years) from 1989 to 2016 retrieved from Web of Science (WOS). Based on this, the year 1998 has got the high level score of 273 (4.9 %) research output. In 1998 the rate of publication output in International Journal of paediatric Surgery was very high compared to other years. A majority of the researchers contributed their research output by the way of articles with the highest number of 4518 out of 5528 records.  3. The Main Objectives for this Analysis ➢ To study and analyze year wise research output in terms of total paper. ➢ To find out the individual contribution of the top ten authors. ➢ To Figure out the Subject Areas Contributing to the Highest Number of Publications ➢ To analysed the popularity of document wise distribution.  ➢ To study and distinguish the top ten source type of the publications. ➢ To Classify the top ten Foreign Countries Contribution in India ➢ To Study the rate of recurrence of the top ten keywords. ➢ To find out the top ten Indian universities / Institution with the maximum number of publications.  4. Data Collections This study is solely based on the source documents and research data of publications in India based on Greenhouse Effect compiled from the SCOPUS database over the period of 2001 to 2017. The entire data is fetched using the search key of Greenhouse Effect. The compiled data is extracted inside MS Office for study.  5. Results and Discussions 5.1. Year Wise Growth in Publications Table 1 show that the top 17 years and start with the highest number of publications. This study analyses the publications published for a time frame of 17 years starting from 2001 to 2017. This duration resulted in the publication of 568 publications. This analysis showed that the most number of publications where published in the year 2016 with 79 (11.27%) and followed by 2013, 2014, 2017 with 48 (8.45%) publications being published. (Table 1 and Figure 1 show 17 years publications). Table 1: Year Wise Growth in Publications Year Records Percentage Cum. Cum. % 2017 48 8.45 48 8.45 2016 64 11.27 112 19.72 2015 43 7.57 155 27.29 2014 48 8.45 203 35.74 2013 48 8.45 251 44.19 2012 24 4.23 275 48.42 2011 38 6.69 313 55.11 2010 23 4.05 336 59.15 2009 32 5.63 368 64.79 2008 25 4.40 393 69.19 2007 28 4.93 421 74.12 2006 31 5.46 452 79.58 2005 22 3.87 474 83.45 2004 28 4.93 502 88.38 2003 28 4.93 530 93.31 2002 19 3.35 549 96.65 2001 19 3.35 568 100 Total 568 100       Figure 1: Year Wise Growth in Publications   5.2 Ranking of Individual Authors Table 2 shows the top ten authors who have contributed the most publications. Totally 160 are responsible for the papers published in the field of Greenhouse effect in India, with Tiwari, G.N. making the highest number of contributions with 21 (3.70%) followed by Pathak, H with 12 (2.11%) publications. (Table 2 and Figure 2 show the Ranking of Individual Authors).  Table 2: Ranking of Individual Authors Sl. No. Author Records % 1 Tiwari, G.N. 21 3.70 2 Pathak, H. 12 2.11 3 Bhatia, A. 11 1.94 4 Jain, N. 8 1.41 5 Sethi, V.P. 8 1.41 6 Ghosal, M.K. 6 1.06 7 Majumdar, D. 6 1.06 8 Shukla, P.R. 6 1.06 9 Awasthi, M.K. 5 0.88 10 Garg, A. 5 0.88      Figure 2: Ranking of Individual Authors   5.3 Subject Areas Contributing to the Highest Number of Publications  Table 3 shows the top most popular subject areas in the published papers with Environmental Science taking the first position with 202 (20.9%) publications, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Engineering coming in second with 89 (9.2%) publications. Arts and Humanities occupy the last position along with total of 24 publications. (Table 3 and Figure 3 show the Subject Areas Contribution)  Table 3: Subject Areas Contribution Subject Area Records % Environmental Science 202 20.9 Agricultural and Biological Sciences 89 9.2 Engineering 89 9.2 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 81 8.4 Medicine 74 7.6 Energy 71 7.3 Chemical Engineering 66 6.8 Chemistry 53 5.5 Earth and Planetary Sciences 51 5.3 Multidisciplinary 34 3.5 Immunology and Microbiology 31 3.2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics 31 3.2 Materials Science 26 2.7 Computer Science 20 2.1 Physics and Astronomy 12 1.2 Social Sciences 12 1.2 Mathematics 7 0.7 Business, Management and Accounting 6 0.6 Economics, Econometrics and Finance 3 0.3 Nursing 3 0.3 Health Professions 2 0.2 Neuroscience 2 0.2 Veterinary 2 0.2 Arts and Humanities 1 0.1 Total 968 100  Figure 3: Subject Areas Contribution   5.4. Document Wise Distribution  Table 4 shows the different document types published in India on the topic of Greenhouse Effect. The investigation points out that the most number of documents are of the type article totaling to 395 (69.54%) publications with Review occupying the second position with 71 (12.50%) publications.  Book the least number of documents with 2 (0.35%) publications. (Table 4 and Figure 4 show that Document Wise Distribution)  Table 4: Document Wise Distribution Sl. No Document Type Records % 1 Article 395 69.54 2 Review 71 12.50 3 Conference Paper 44 7.75 4 Editorial 19 3.35 5 Book Chapter 11 1.94 6 Letter 10 1.76 7 Short Survey 9 1.58 8 Note 7 1.23 9 Book 2 0.35 Total 568 100  Figure 4: Document Wise Distribution   5.5. Top Ten Source Titles  Table 5 shows the show the top 10 source titles of publications published in India based on Greenhouse Effect. The mentioned topic provided to 160 source titles of publications. The maximum number of publications where provided to the Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 91 (15.97%) with publications and Atmospheric Environment coming in second position with 18 (15.13%) publications.  (Table 5 and Figure 5 show that Top Ten Source Titles)  Table 5: Top 10 Source Titles Sl. No Source Title Records % 1 Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 19 15.97 2 Atmospheric Environment 18 15.13 3 International Journal Of Chemtech Research 15 12.61 4 Science Of The Total Environment 14 11.76 5 Bioresource Technology 13 10.92 6 Energy Conversion And Management 10 8.40 7 Journal Of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Sciences 9 7.56 8 Chemosphere 7 5.88 9 Indian Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine 7 5.88 10 Science 7 5.88 Total 119 100  Figure 5: Top 10 Source Titles  5.6. Recurrences of Keywords Table 6 shows the top 10 most frequently persistent keywords in publications related to Greenhouse Effect. The study shows that the most commonly occurring keywords are Greenhouse Effect, Article and Global Warming with a recurrence percentage of 31.79%, 12.74% and 8.81% respectively. Methane takes the end position in the top ten with a recurrence percentage of 4.75%. Table 6 and Figure 6 show that Recurrence of Keywords) Table 6: Recurrences of Keywords Sl. No. Keyword No. % 1 Greenhouse Effect 509 31.79 2 Article 204 12.74 3 Global Warming 141 8.81 4 Carbon Dioxide 137 8.56 5 India 135 8.43 6 Climate Change 119 7.43 7 Nonhuman 106 6.62 8 Priority Journal 95 5.93 9 Greenhouse Gas 79 4.93 10 Methane 76 4.75 Total 1601 100  Figure 6: Recurrences of Keywords    5.7. Individual Contributions by Indian Universities / Institution Entirely 160 Universities in the India level have contributes publications on the term of Greenhouse Effect. Table 7 shows the top 10 Universities with the highest number of contributions. The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has made the maximum number of publications at 36 (25.53%) publications, followed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute with 23 (16.31%) publications. Punjab Agricultural University India is the 3rd Position with 13 (9.22%) publications. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute India and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology come in a joint 4th position with 10 publications each.     Table 7: Individual Contributions by Indian Universities Sl. No University / Institution Records % 1 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 36 25.53 2 Indian Agricultural Research Institute 23 16.31 3 Punjab Agricultural University India 13 9.22 4 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute India 12 8.51 5 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology 12 8.51 6 Anna University 11 7.80 7 National Physical Laboratory India 10 7.09 8 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 9 6.38 9 Banaras Hindu University 8 5.67 10 National Institute of Oceanography India 7 4.96 Total 141 100  Figure 7: Individual Contributions by Indian Universities   5.8. Foreign Countries Contribution in India Table 8 shows the top ten foreign countries with the highest involvement in India on the subject of Greenhouse Effect (188 Publication). The analysis of the data shows that The United States of America has the top rate of involvement with 60 (31.91%). Germany comes in the second position with 21 (11.17%) publications followed by China in 3rd Position with 19 (1.11%) and So on. Switzerland comes in 10th position with 8 (4.26) publications on the referred subject of Greenhouse Effect. Table 8: Foreign Countries Contribution in India  Sl. No Countries Records % 1 United States 60 31.91 2 Germany 21 11.17 3 China 19 10.11 4 Australia 16 8.51 5 United Kingdom 15 7.98 6 Japan 14 7.45 7 Canada 13 6.91 8 South Korea 13 6.91 9 Brazil 9 4.79 10 Switzerland 8 4.26 Total 188 100  Figure 8: Foreign Countries Contribution in India   5.9. Source Types of Publications Table 9 shows the source type of publications in India on the subject of Greenhouse Effect. The analysis shows that the most number of publications were made to journals with 509 (89.61%) publications followed by conference proceedings with 28 (4.93%) publications, Trade Publication with 13 (2.29%). Books Series are the least common source type with 6 (1.06%) publications.   Table 9: Source Type of Publications Sl. No Source Type Records % 1 Journals 509 89.61 2 Conference Proceedings 28 4.93 3 Trade Publications 13 2.29 4 Books 12 2.11 5 Book Series 6 1.06 Total 568 100  Figure 9: Source Type of Publications  6. Conclusions This analysis was conducted on the publications published in India on the subject of Greenhouse Effect within the time duration of 17 years starting from 2001 to 2017. During this time a total of 64 papers where published with 2014 being the year which resulted in the maximum number of publications. Tiwari, G.N was determined as the author to make the highest number of contributions with 21 (3.70%) publications. The United States of America has the top rate of involvement with 60 (31.91%) publication in India. The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has made the maximum number of publications at 36 (25.53%) publications, followed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute with 23 (16.31%) publications. References 1. Vimlesh Patel (2018), Scientometrics Analysis of Contributions to Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research During 2010-2016, Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, Vol. 8 No. 1, 2018, pp.58-63. 2. R.Senthilkumar and S. Abirami (2018), Research Output on Paediatric Surgery in Global: A Scientometric Study, Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services , Vol. 8 No. 1, 2018, pp. 99-104. 3. Sanjay Kumar Maurya, Akhandanand Shukla  and R. K. Ngurtinkhuma (2018), OPEC Countries: Research Performance Across Nations in Library and Information Science, International Journal of Information Science and Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2018, 101-110 (https://ijism.ricest.ac.ir/index.php/ijism/article/view/1086/343). 4. D. M. Pattanashetti and N. S. Harinarayana (2017), “Assessment of mechanical engineering research output using scientometric indicators: A comparative study of India, Japan, and South Korea,” J. Inf. Sci. Theory Pract., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 62–74. 5. L. Haunschild, R., & Bornmann (2017), “How many scientific papers are mentioned in policy-related documents? An empirical investigation using Web of Science and Altmetric data,” Scientometrics, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 1209–1216. 6. A. Bihari and S. Tripathi, “EM-index: A new measure to evaluate the scientific impact of scientists,” Scientometrics, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 659–677, Jul. 2017. 7. D. Karanatsiou, D. Karanatsiou, N. Misirlis, N. Misirlis, M. Vlachopoulou, and M. Vlachopoulou, “Bibliometrics and altmetrics literature review: Performance indicators and comparison analysis,” Perform. Meas. Metrics, vol. 18, no. 1, SI, pp. 16–27, 2017. 8. S. K. Banshal, P. K. Muhuri, V. K. Singh, and A. Basu, “Research performance of Indian Institutes of Technology,” Curr. Sci., vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 923–932, 2017.   9. Srinivasa Ragavan, S. et al., (2010). Mapping of Harvard Business Review Publications. SMART. Journal of Business Management Studies, 6(1), 59-66.  10. Karpagam, R. et al., (2011). Mapping of Nanoscience and nanotechnology research in India: A Scientometric analysis, 1990-2009. Scientometrics, 89(2), 501-522. 11. Poornima, A. et al., (2011). Mapping the Indian research productivity of food science and technology. A Scientometric analysis, Food Biology, 1(1), 36-41. 12. Mallikarjun Angadi, M.M., Koganuramath, B.S. Kademani, B.D., Kumbar, & Suresh Jange. (2006). Nobel Laureate Anthony J Leggett: A Scientometric portrait. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 54, 203-212.  13. Navarrete, I. A., & Asio, V. B. (2014). Research productivity in soil science in the Philippines. Scientometrics, 100(1), 261–272. 14.  Rajendran, P., Jeyshankar, R., & Elango, B. (2011). Scientometric analysis of contributions to journal of scientific and industrial research. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 1(2), 79-89. 15. Elango, B., Rajendran, P. & Manickraj, J. (2013). Tribology research output in BRIC countries: A scientometric dimension. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 1-11. Retrieved from, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/935. 16. Moed, H. F. (2016). Iran’s scientific dominance and the emergence of South-East Asian countries as scientific collaborators in the Persian Gulf Region. Scientometrics, 108(1), 305-314. 17. Bathrinarayan A.L, Tamizhchelvan M, 2014, Indian research output on MEMS literature using Scopus database: A scientometric study, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 67(1), pp. 90-95.  

Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
9-16-2018
Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A
Scientometric Analysis
Mohanathan P
Periyar University, pmohanathan@gmail.com
Dr. Rajendran N
Salem Sowdeswari College, rajendranlibra@gmail.com
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Part of the Library and Information Science Commons
P, Mohanathan and N, Dr. Rajendran, "Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis" (2018). Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2027.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2027
Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis 
P. Mohanathan1 and Dr. N.Rajendran2 
1. Research Scholar, Periyar University, Salem (email: pmohanathan@gmail.com) 
2. Librarian (S.G), Salem Sowdeswari College, Salem.(email: rajendranlibra@gmail.com) 
Abstract 
The research Article presents a Scientometric analyst of research output in India in the field of 
Greenhouse Effect during the period of 2001 to 2017 as reflected in SCOPUS Database. 
Collected data for a total of 568 have been published in India in the field of Greenhouse effect 
and it’s analyzed according to objectives. The research paper reveal that the year wise growth of 
literature in terms of year wise growth in the number of publications, subject areas leading to 
maximum publications, international affiliations, relative growth rate, doubling time and the 
individual contributions of authors to name a few and their publication reveals that Tiwari, G.N  
published highest number of papers 21 (3.70%), Document Wise Distribution show that the most 
number of documents are of the type article totaling to 395 (69.54%) publications. Foreign 
Countries Contribution in India shows that The United States of America (USA) has the top rate 
of involvement with 60 (31.91%). 
  
Key Words: Scientometrics Analysis, Greenhouse Effect, Relative Growth Rate, India,  Source 
Type, SCOPUS. 
 
1. Introduction 
This research aims to study and scrutinize the SCOPUS database on publications in India 
regarding Greenhouse Effect and work out statistics concerning the yearly growth in the number 
of publications, discerning the Ranking of Individual Authors, considerate the degree of 
Individual Contributions by Indian Universities / Institution and understanding the rate of 
reappearance of keywords. 
 
 
 
2 Review of Literature 
Vimlesh Patel (2018) studied Scientometrics analysis of papers published in Journal of Artificial 
Intelligence Research in the period of 2010 to 2016. His research reveals that highest number of 
papers published in 2014 with 68 (16.92%). In country wise publication studied that USA in the 
highest publication with 138 (34.33%) and followed by England 56 (13.93%). It has been found 
that highest contributed institutions was University Of Oxford with 17 Publications during the 
research period 2010 to 2016. 
 
R.Senthilkumar and S. Abirami (2018) Analysed Bibliometric study that output of 
International Journal of paediatric Surgery. The data collected (Totally 28 years) from 1989 to 
2016 retrieved from Web of Science (WOS). Based on this, the year 1998 has got the high level 
score of 273 (4.9 %) research output. In 1998 the rate of publication output in International 
Journal of paediatric Surgery was very high compared to other years. A majority of the 
researchers contributed their research output by the way of articles with the highest number of 
4518 out of 5528 records. 
 
3. The Main Objectives for this Analysis 
➢ To study and analyze year wise research output in terms of total paper. 
➢ To find out the individual contribution of the top ten authors. 
➢ To Figure out the Subject Areas Contributing to the Highest Number of Publications 
➢ To analysed the popularity of document wise distribution.  
➢ To study and distinguish the top ten source type of the publications. 
➢ To Classify the top ten Foreign Countries Contribution in India 
➢ To Study the rate of recurrence of the top ten keywords. 
➢ To find out the top ten Indian universities / Institution with the maximum number of 
publications. 
 
4. Data Collections 
This study is solely based on the source documents and research data of publications in India 
based on Greenhouse Effect compiled from the SCOPUS database over the period of 2001 to 
2017. The entire data is fetched using the search key of Greenhouse Effect. The compiled data is 
extracted inside MS Office for study. 
 
5. Results and Discussions 
5.1. Year Wise Growth in Publications 
Table 1 show that the top 17 years and start with the highest number of publications. This study 
analyses the publications published for a time frame of 17 years starting from 2001 to 2017. This 
duration resulted in the publication of 568 publications. This analysis showed that the most 
number of publications where published in the year 2016 with 79 (11.27%) and followed by 
2013, 2014, 2017 with 48 (8.45%) publications being published. (Table 1 and Figure 1 show 17 
years publications). 
Table 1: Year Wise Growth in Publications 
Year Records Percentage Cum. 
Cum. 
% 
2017 48 8.45 48 8.45 
2016 64 11.27 112 19.72 
2015 43 7.57 155 27.29 
2014 48 8.45 203 35.74 
2013 48 8.45 251 44.19 
2012 24 4.23 275 48.42 
2011 38 6.69 313 55.11 
2010 23 4.05 336 59.15 
2009 32 5.63 368 64.79 
2008 25 4.40 393 69.19 
2007 28 4.93 421 74.12 
2006 31 5.46 452 79.58 
2005 22 3.87 474 83.45 
2004 28 4.93 502 88.38 
2003 28 4.93 530 93.31 
2002 19 3.35 549 96.65 
2001 19 3.35 568 100 
Total 568 100   
 
 
 
 
Figure 1: Year Wise Growth in Publications 
 
 
5.2 Ranking of Individual Authors 
Table 2 shows the top ten authors who have contributed the most publications. Totally 160 are 
responsible for the papers published in the field of Greenhouse effect in India, with Tiwari, G.N. 
making the highest number of contributions with 21 (3.70%) followed by Pathak, H with 12 
(2.11%) publications. (Table 2 and Figure 2 show the Ranking of Individual Authors). 
 
Table 2: Ranking of Individual Authors 
Sl. No. Author Records % 
1 Tiwari, G.N. 21 3.70 
2 Pathak, H. 12 2.11 
3 Bhatia, A. 11 1.94 
4 Jain, N. 8 1.41 
5 Sethi, V.P. 8 1.41 
6 Ghosal, M.K. 6 1.06 
7 Majumdar, D. 6 1.06 
8 Shukla, P.R. 6 1.06 
9 Awasthi, M.K. 5 0.88 
10 Garg, A. 5 0.88 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 2: Ranking of Individual Authors 
 
 
5.3 Subject Areas Contributing to the Highest Number of Publications  
Table 3 shows the top most popular subject areas in the published papers with Environmental 
Science taking the first position with 202 (20.9%) publications, Agricultural and Biological 
Sciences, Engineering coming in second with 89 (9.2%) publications. Arts and Humanities 
occupy the last position along with total of 24 publications. (Table 3 and Figure 3 show the 
Subject Areas Contribution) 
 
Table 3: Subject Areas Contribution 
Subject Area Records % 
Environmental Science 202 20.9 
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 89 9.2 
Engineering 89 9.2 
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 81 8.4 
Medicine 74 7.6 
Energy 71 7.3 
Chemical Engineering 66 6.8 
Chemistry 53 5.5 
Earth and Planetary Sciences 51 5.3 
Multidisciplinary 34 3.5 
Immunology and Microbiology 31 3.2 
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics 31 3.2 
Materials Science 26 2.7 
Computer Science 20 2.1 
Physics and Astronomy 12 1.2 
Social Sciences 12 1.2 
Mathematics 7 0.7 
Business, Management and Accounting 6 0.6 
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 3 0.3 
Nursing 3 0.3 
Health Professions 2 0.2 
Neuroscience 2 0.2 
Veterinary 2 0.2 
Arts and Humanities 1 0.1 
Total 968 100 
 
Figure 3: Subject Areas Contribution 
 
 
5.4. Document Wise Distribution  
Table 4 shows the different document types published in India on the topic of Greenhouse Effect. 
The investigation points out that the most number of documents are of the type article totaling to 
395 (69.54%) publications with Review occupying the second position with 71 (12.50%) 
publications.  Book the least number of documents with 2 (0.35%) publications. (Table 4 and 
Figure 4 show that Document Wise Distribution) 
 
Table 4: Document Wise Distribution 
Sl. No Document Type Records % 
1 Article 395 69.54 
2 Review 71 12.50 
3 Conference Paper 44 7.75 
4 Editorial 19 3.35 
5 Book Chapter 11 1.94 
6 Letter 10 1.76 
7 Short Survey 9 1.58 
8 Note 7 1.23 
9 Book 2 0.35 
Total 568 100 
 
Figure 4: Document Wise Distribution 
 
 
5.5. Top Ten Source Titles  
Table 5 shows the show the top 10 source titles of publications published in India based on 
Greenhouse Effect. The mentioned topic provided to 160 source titles of publications. The 
maximum number of publications where provided to the Environmental Monitoring And 
Assessment 91 (15.97%) with publications and Atmospheric Environment coming in second 
position with 18 (15.13%) publications.  (Table 5 and Figure 5 show that Top Ten Source Titles) 
 
Table 5: Top 10 Source Titles 
Sl. 
No Source Title Records % 
1 Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 19 15.97 
2 Atmospheric Environment 18 15.13 
3 International Journal Of Chemtech Research 15 12.61 
4 Science Of The Total Environment 14 11.76 
5 Bioresource Technology 13 10.92 
6 Energy Conversion And Management 10 8.40 
7 Journal Of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Sciences 9 7.56 
8 Chemosphere 7 5.88 
9 
Indian Journal Of Occupational And Environmental 
Medicine 7 5.88 
10 Science 7 5.88 
Total 119 100 
 
Figure 5: Top 10 Source Titles 
 
5.6. Recurrences of Keywords 
Table 6 shows the top 10 most frequently persistent keywords in publications related to 
Greenhouse Effect. The study shows that the most commonly occurring keywords are 
Greenhouse Effect, Article and Global Warming with a recurrence percentage of 31.79%, 
12.74% and 8.81% respectively. Methane takes the end position in the top ten with a recurrence 
percentage of 4.75%. Table 6 and Figure 6 show that Recurrence of Keywords) 
Table 6: Recurrences of Keywords 
Sl. No. Keyword No. % 
1 Greenhouse Effect 509 31.79 
2 Article 204 12.74 
3 Global Warming 141 8.81 
4 Carbon Dioxide 137 8.56 
5 India 135 8.43 
6 Climate Change 119 7.43 
7 Nonhuman 106 6.62 
8 Priority Journal 95 5.93 
9 Greenhouse Gas 79 4.93 
10 Methane 76 4.75 
Total 1601 100 
 
Figure 6: Recurrences of Keywords 
 
 
 
5.7. Individual Contributions by Indian Universities / Institution 
Entirely 160 Universities in the India level have contributes publications on the term of 
Greenhouse Effect. Table 7 shows the top 10 Universities with the highest number of 
contributions. The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has made the maximum number of 
publications at 36 (25.53%) publications, followed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute with 
23 (16.31%) publications. Punjab Agricultural University India is the 3rd Position with 13 
(9.22%) publications. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute India and Indian 
Institute of Tropical Meteorology come in a joint 4th position with 10 publications each. 
 
 
 
 
Table 7: Individual Contributions by Indian Universities 
Sl. No University / Institution Records % 
1 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 36 25.53 
2 Indian Agricultural Research Institute 23 16.31 
3 Punjab Agricultural University India 13 9.22 
4 
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute 
India 12 8.51 
5 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology 12 8.51 
6 Anna University 11 7.80 
7 National Physical Laboratory India 10 7.09 
8 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 9 6.38 
9 Banaras Hindu University 8 5.67 
10 National Institute of Oceanography India 7 4.96 
Total 141 100 
 
Figure 7: Individual Contributions by Indian Universities 
 
 
5.8. Foreign Countries Contribution in India 
Table 8 shows the top ten foreign countries with the highest involvement in India on the subject 
of Greenhouse Effect (188 Publication). The analysis of the data shows that The United States of 
America has the top rate of involvement with 60 (31.91%). Germany comes in the second 
position with 21 (11.17%) publications followed by China in 3rd Position with 19 (1.11%) and So 
on. Switzerland comes in 10th position with 8 (4.26) publications on the referred subject of 
Greenhouse Effect. 
Table 8: Foreign Countries Contribution in India  
Sl. No Countries Records % 
1 United States 60 31.91 
2 Germany 21 11.17 
3 China 19 10.11 
4 Australia 16 8.51 
5 
United 
Kingdom 15 7.98 
6 Japan 14 7.45 
7 Canada 13 6.91 
8 South Korea 13 6.91 
9 Brazil 9 4.79 
10 Switzerland 8 4.26 
Total 188 100 
 
Figure 8: Foreign Countries Contribution in India  
 
5.9. Source Types of Publications 
Table 9 shows the source type of publications in India on the subject of Greenhouse Effect. The 
analysis shows that the most number of publications were made to journals with 509 (89.61%) 
publications followed by conference proceedings with 28 (4.93%) publications, Trade 
Publication with 13 (2.29%). Books Series are the least common source type with 6 (1.06%) 
publications. 
 
 
Table 9: Source Type of Publications 
Sl. 
No Source Type Records % 
1 Journals 509 89.61 
2 
Conference 
Proceedings 28 4.93 
3 Trade Publications 13 2.29 
4 Books 12 2.11 
5 Book Series 6 1.06 
Total 568 100 
 
Figure 9: Source Type of Publications 
 
6. Conclusions 
This analysis was conducted on the publications published in India on the subject of Greenhouse 
Effect within the time duration of 17 years starting from 2001 to 2017. During this time a total of 
64 papers where published with 2014 being the year which resulted in the maximum number of 
publications. Tiwari, G.N was determined as the author to make the highest number of 
contributions with 21 (3.70%) publications. The United States of America has the top rate of 
involvement with 60 (31.91%) publication in India. The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has 
made the maximum number of publications at 36 (25.53%) publications, followed by Indian 
Agricultural Research Institute with 23 (16.31%) publications. 
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Research Output of Greenhouse Effect in India: A Scientometric Analysis

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