Aqueous/Nonaqueous Hybrid Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Here, we report an aqueous/nonaqueous hybrid electrolyte based on sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate with an expanded electrochemical window up to 2.8 V and high conductivity (∼25 mS cm<sup>–1</sup> at 20 °C). The hybrid electrolyte inherits the safety characteristic of aqueous electrolytes and the electrochemical stability of nonaqueous systems, enabling stable and reversible operation of the Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/NaTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> sodium-ion battery

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