Urban Heat Island (UHI) is one of the environmental problems faced by developing cities in the world including Surakarta City. The UHI phenomenon that occurred in the city of Surakarta has caused discomfort for the community so efforts to reduce the effects of UHI need to be done. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of Land Surface Temparature (LST), UHI and vegetation index, and determine and analyze the effect of vegetation index values to LST and UHI values in Surakarta City in 2017.
The research method used is secondary data analysis equipped with a field survey. The spatial distribution of LST, UHI and vegetation index was extracted from Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery, using two recording times, on 28 juni 2017 and 16 september 2017. LST extraction uses the Split Window Algorithm (SWA) method. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of vegetation index to LST and UHI values.
The results of the study showed that the high spatial distribution of LST and UHI values in june and september were found in the central, western, and northern regions of Surakarta City with landuse for industrial, settlement and other built-up areas, while the high vegetation index values are found in regions that have low LST and UHI values scattered in the eastern and western regions of Surakarta City with the landuse of dry land, rice fields and city forests. Most areas of Surakarta City have experienced UHI which is dominated by the classification of 2-4 °C, but there are some regions that have not experienced UHI, namely in the eastern and western regions with landuse of moor, forest, and rice fields and in certain areas in the center city with city forest landuse. The results of the vegetation index regression with LST in june and september showed that the effect of the vegetation index on the value of LST was quite strong with a value of R² = 0,7643 and R² = 0,7909. The results of the vegetation index regression with UHI in june and september showed that the effect of the vegetation index on the value of UHI was quite strong with a value of R² = 0,7643 and R² = 0,7907. The existence of vegetation cover in Surakarta City is very necessary to reduce the effects of excessive UHI phenomena, especially in areas that experience the UHI phenomenon with high temperature differences
