This research aims to reveal tyranny in The Fall of the Imam (1987) novel by Nawal El Saadawi. The objective of the research is to describe tyranny based on the Marxist Approach. The writer uses qualitative research. The writer uses two data resource: primary and secondary data source. The primary data source is The Fall of the Imam (1987) novel. Then the secondary takes the data source that related to this research such as literary books, biography of the author, journal, article, and internet. The technique of collecting data is library research. The technique of analyzing data is descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher concludes based on the Marxist Approach: Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism, Class Struggle, and the last one, Revolution in this novel all points found in The Fall of the Imam (1987).



Key word: Tyranny, Women, Marxist Approac

, Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum

Setiyo, Nono

UMS Digital Library - Selamat datang di UMS Digital Library

1  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION  1.1 Background of the Study God creates the sky, the earth, the sea and all living things that exist on earth. All of his creations are so beautiful. One of God's most beautiful creation is a woman. Women are one of God's most beautiful creations. From her beauty, it can be an appeal for a man to love and marry her. The woman is created from the ribs of a man. The rib shape is crooked. It means that a woman is weak. The beauty of women is not because of her face, hair or body, but the beauty of women lies in the nature of weakness. Because a woman is a weak person, so in her life should be happy. Happiness is the right of everyone, including the rights of a women. Women always want to be happy, from young to old. There are times when women feel unhappiness because of oppression from a man. Men's oppression of women is often occurred to housewife or career women. Usually, men who oppress women are bad people.  He may hurt the physically and psychologists of woman. In the family, the oppression of a husband againsts a wife is a crime. In general, the oppression of women in the family is caused by some differences. Differences of opinion or it could be a difference in choosing something. This will become a debate and eventually become a dispute in the household. Because women are weak people, men with strong characters will abuse or oppress women.  Tyranny is a government that is controlled by one person and does not make the people prosperous. It means a government acts arbitrarily to the people. Tyrannical government is a government that is very detrimental to the people. The people are always oppressed for the interests of the government. Tyranny is goverment by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in their country or state and use it unfairly and cruelly (Cambridge Dictionary, 2017). The tyranny can not be kept away from the political power of a country. A country that controls the country's greatest 2  politics will easily oppress others. The nature of tyranny is cruel. Rulers do not hesitate to oppress people for self-interest.  The examples of tyrannical figures who ever existed in the world for example, Emperor Nero, He is the fifth Roman emperor. He is a very cruel king. One of his atrocities is when he wants to build a new Rome city. He deliberately burns the city of Rome. The inhabitants believe that he deliberately burns the city of Rome and blams the Christians. Among other atrocities are when in a race arena, some of the Christians are covered with animal skins so they can not see. He orders his men to release many dogs that bite the Christians. He orders his men to look for straw and collect it to burn the Christians as entertainment for the king. Another cruelty of Emperor Nero is he kills all his wives. His first wife is killed while pregnant. The second wife is murdered for complaining to the king who is too late at night. The third wife is murdered for killing her ex-husband (Muhammad, 2015).  The next tyrant is Adolf Hitler. He is a German, a Jew. Hitler is a very cruel ruler. Whoever fights his Nazi party, he will kill him no matter how many people. In fact he has a desire to destroy Jews in Germany. Hitler wants to settle the Jews and the communists by attacking and killing him. This action because they are the cause of the economic decline in Germany. With great military support, Hitler also controls some of Germany's neighboring countries. (Swadaya, 2015). The cruel government againsts own people is the president of Syria, Bashar Al Assad. It has been six years since the Syrian conflict has not ended. The president of Syria is a very barbaric and cruel. This cruelty is a descendant of his father, Hafiz al-Assad. It descended from his grandfather, Sulaiman al-Assad. Rape and murder are committed by Assad's regime. Children, parents, women and men are all oppressed by their government. This conflict occurs because the president of Syria oppresses the people who are Muslims. The president of Syria is a Shia, while Islam and Shi'ism are opposites. The population of Syria is Muslim while their president is Shia and he often oppress the Muslims. There was rebellion since 2011 until now. 3  Novel The Fall of The Imam is a novel by Nawal El-Sadaawi. Published in Cairo in 1987. The English translation by the author's husband Sherif Hetata was published in 1988. This novel tells the real life of a society. Where there is a leader and people. This novel tells a leader who has a cruel behavior and oppress his people. His name is the Imam. He claims to lead the earth as the representative of god. Every decision that he takes is always based on the law of God, so that no one will be against the law decided. Time by time in his power, the Imam who has always been praised, evidently the Imam has children outside marriage. A girl is named Bint Allah. She is a beautiful girl. At the beginning of the story this girl is looking for a father, because when born, this girl's mother has no father and the mother is considered an adulteress woman. From this curiosity, Bint Allah seeks his father, until she slowly know that the Imam is his father.  One of the Imam oppression the Imam considered a woman like a buffalo. The price of a woman is not cheaper than a buffalo. It  means that buffalo price is more expensive than the price of a woman. “The price of a buffalo is more than that of a woman, I said, and a man will have only one buffalo and yet will marry four wives”. (Saadawi’s The Fall of The Imam, p.124 - 125) Nawal El-Sadaawi is born in Kafr Tahla, Egypt. Born October 27, 1931. A prominent senior Egyptian figure. She is also a sociologist, doctor and feminist writer. She is a first Egyptian woman who dares to oppose the oppression of the Arab world especially Egypt. She becomes a controversial figure since Anwar Sadat's leadership and has been jailed for criticizing the regime that is considered oppressive of women. She attended Cairo University and graduated in 1955. She studies at Columbia University, New York, and graduated in 1966. After completing his studies she works in psychiatry and eventually becomes Egyptian Public Health Director. By working in this place, she observes the problem of women with a culture of oppression. In 1969 she publishes his first book entitled Al-mar'a wa-al-jeans or Women and Sex which tells of sex and religion. Because of this book, in 4  1972 she is fired from his job as Egyptian Public Health Director. She studies the case of women in prisons and hospitals. (Qomarudin’s Jatuhnya Sang Imam, p. 265) Then in 1981, she fights for the rights of women in Egypt. According to her, women at that time is very oppressed with leader. As a result of her struggle, she is imprisoned by the Sadat regime for two months on charges of crimes against the state. She puts in a women's prison, the Egyptian Qanatir. This is not surprising to her because she had previously studied women's prisons before. Eventhough. she is in prison she does not give up. She uses his time in prison to do research and write a paper. In writing her book, she always uses Arabic language. Until now, many of her books are widely translated in various languages, English, French, German, Spain, Italy, Dutch, Indonesia, Japan and others. In 1977, She publishes a book called The Hidden Face of Eve. Books that talk about girls, female genital mutilation, marriage, divorce and sexual intercourse  when she was in prison. She does not give up with the circumstances. She still writes with makeshift tools. She writes with a black eyebrow pencil and uses very old and torn papers. In 1982. she is released from prison. In 1983, she publishes a work entitled Memoirs from the Women's Prison. It is used to attack or criticize Egyptian government again. The other books of Nawal El-Sadaawi are Women isthe Origin (Cairo, 1971), The Naked Face of Arab Women (Cairo, 1974), On Women (Cairo, 1986), A New Battle in Arab Women Liberation (Cairo, 1992), Collection of Essays (Cairo, 1998), Collection of Essays (Cairo, 2001), Breaking Down Barriers (Cairo, 2004). The writer will analyze the novel The Fall of The Imam, because the novel is very interesting and good story. The characters in this novel really reflect the life around us. The women are always oppressed and men always oppress women in various ways. For example, domestic violence, women always become victims of crime, rape, sexual harassment. The characterfistic of Imam is familiar. From the conflict, this story is very interesting, because 5  the conflict is about a woman named Bint Allah . She struggles to find her father. The story tells the oppression of a man who oppresses a woman. Many events that describe the imam's oppression in this story. There is more interesting thing in this novel in terms of themes, plot, point of view, problem solving in this story. The terms of language in this novel is very good in the selection of words, so readers will be interested and go deeper into this story. Based on the points above, the researcher will anayze the Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel entitle The Fall of The Imam. The researcher will analyze the novel by using marxist approach. This approach uses to analyze and revolves this issue of  Tyranny. Therefore, the reseacher arranges the title of the research paper as TYRANNY ON WOMEN IN NAWAL EL-SAADAWI’S THE FALL OF THE IMAM NOVEL (1987) : A MARXIST APPROACH.  1.2 Limitation of the Study This research only focus on analyzing the Tyranny on Women in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel The fall of the Imam, using A Marxist Approach. 1.3 Problem Statement Problem statement in this research that are: 1. How is the Tyranny on Women in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel The fall of the Imam? 2. How are the characteristics of The Imam in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel, The fall of the Imam based on the marxist approach? 3. Why does the author rise tyranny in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel The fall of  the Imam ? 1.4 Objectives of the Study Based on the question above, the objectives of the study are: 1. To describe the Tyranny on Women in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel, The fall of the Imam. 6  2. To identity the charateristic of The Imam in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel, The fall of the Imam based on the marxist approach. (Class Theory by Karl Marx) 3. To find out the reason of the author wrote about tyranny in Nawal El-Saadawi’s novel The fall of the Imam?  1.5 Benefit of the Study This research is expexcted in order to have benefits as follow: 1. Theoretical Benefit In this part, the researcher can give information and knowledge about literary study in Nawal El-Saadawi’s The fall of the Imam.  2. Practical Benefit The researcher hope that this study will give new information, for Department of English Education Student, and the other that do same research in analyzing this novel using marxist approach.  1.6 Paper Organization The research paper of  “Tyranny on Women in Nawal El-Saadawi’s The fall of  the Imam by Marxist Approach” is divided in five chapters.   The first is introduction. it consists of background of the study, limitation of the study, problem statement, objectives of the study, benefit of the study, and paper organization. The second is literature review. it consists of previous study and underlying theory (the notion of marxist approach, type of marxist approach, and the notion of tyranny) and novelty. The third is research method. it consists of object of the research, types of the data and data source, technique of data collection, and technique of data analysis. The fourth is explaining social background of Egypt in the twenty firts century. The fifth is analysis tyranny on women in nawal el-saadawi’s the fall of the 7  imam in novel. The last one is conclusion, suggestion and pedagogical implication.                     

Tyranny On Women in Nawal El-Saadawi's The Fall of The Imam Novel (1987): A Marxist Approach

http://eprints.ums.ac.id/62700/3/CHAPTER%20I.pdf

Tyranny On Women in Nawal El-Saadawi's The Fall of The Imam Novel (1987): A Marxist Approach

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

UMS Digital Library - Selamat datang di UMS Digital Library