Collinear antiferromagnetic phases of a frustrated spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ Heisenberg model on an $AA$-stacked bilayer honeycomb lattice

Abstract

The zero-temperature quantum phase diagram of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ model on an $AA$-stacked bilayer honeycomb lattice is investigated using the coupled cluster method (CCM). The model comprises two monolayers in each of which the spins, residing on honeycomb-lattice sites, interact via both nearest-neighbor (NN) and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor isotropic antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg exchange iteractions, with respective strengths $J_{1} > 0$ and $J_{2} \equiv \kappa J_{1}>0$. The two layers are coupled via a comparable Heisenberg exchange interaction between NN interlayer pairs, with a strength $J_{1}^{\perp} \equiv \delta J_{1}$. The complete phase boundaries of two quasiclassical collinear AFM phases, namely the N\'{e}el and N\'{e}el-II phases, are calculated in the $\kappa \delta$ half-plane with $\kappa > 0$. Whereas on each monolayer in the N\'{e}el state all NN pairs of spins are antiparallel, in the N\'{e}el-II state NN pairs of spins on zigzag chains along one of the three equivalent honeycomb-lattice directions are antiparallel, while NN interchain spins are parallel. We calculate directly in the thermodynamic (infinite-lattice) limit both the magnetic order parameter $M$ and the excitation energy $\Delta$ from the $s^{z}_{T}=0$ ground state to the lowest-lying $|s^{z}_{T}|=1$ excited state (where $s^{z}_{T}$ is the total $z$ component of spin for the system as a whole, and where the collinear ordering lies along the $z$ direction) for both quasiclassical states used (separately) as the CCM model state, on top of which the multispin quantum correlations are then calculated to high orders ($n \leq 10$) in a systematic series of approximations involving $n$-spin clusters. The sole approximation made is then to extrapolate the sequences of $n$th-order results for $M$ and $\Delta$ to the exact limit, $n \to \infty$