<p>LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; FS: fractional shortening; EF: ejection fraction; E: peak velocity of early ventricular filling; A: peak velocity of transmitral flow during atrial contraction. Ea: early diastolic mitral annular velocity; Aa: late diastolic mitral annular velocity. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05, vs. control group; **P<0.05, vs. smoking group.</p
