<p>This is a pdf file of a lecture held during the Summer School "Mediterranean Agroforestry and its role in the<br>Present Environmental Challenges", Athens, Greece, 4 – 15 July 2011. This lecture is at graduate level, prepared for a non-genetic audience. For this reason, a basic introduction in population genetics and evolution is done in the first part. The second part includes suggestions for management and conservation guidelines for agroforestry systems. This file contains some useful ideas of how to address the need for conservation and management of "genetic systems" of natural populations. In general it addresses the importance of genetic diversity in nature management.</p
