Effect of BEX on MCP-1 mRNA expression.

Abstract

<p>Levels of MCP-1 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 (A), C2C12 (B), and Hepa6 (C) murine cells in response to palmitic acid (PA, 0.4 mM) in combination with BEX (125 µg/ml or 0.5%, v/v) or ethanol vehicle (0.5%, v/v) at different time points and differentiation states (3T3-L1 and C2C12). Fold change calculated via comparative cycle threshold (−ΔΔCt) normalized to beta-glucuronidase (GUSβ). Other housekeeping genes such as 18 S ribosomal RNA (18 S), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were also used and yielded similar results as GUSβ. Mean ± standard deviation of at least 4 qRT-PCRs per cell type. Mean results were compared between treatments of the same cell type and at the same time point. Differences between means are statistically significant if columns do not share any common letters (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test).</p