Dose-dependent effects of tricin, 7-O-methyl-tricin (7 MT), Fraction K, and BEX on lipotoxic MCP-1 production and cell viability.

Abstract

<p>(A) MCP-1 concentrations in cell culture media from 3T3-L1 cells cultured in 96 well plates and treated for 20 hours with PA (0.4 mM) and one of the following: tricin (black triangles), 7 MT (light grey hollow squares), Fraction K (grey diamonds), or BEX (dark grey crosses). Concentrations were determined by cytometric bead array immunodetection against a reconstituted MCP-1 standard. Mean ± standard error of 3 samples per dose, n ≥300 beads per sample. (B) Viability of 3T3-L1 cells treated with tricin (black triangles), 7 MT (light grey hollow squares), Fraction K (grey diamonds), or BEX (dark grey crosses) added to maintenance medium. All values are normalized to 3T3-L1 cells from the same plate treated with maintenance medium without flavonoids or PA (normalized average represented by a red dashed line). Mean ± standard error of three trials, n ≥3 per trial. (C) Viability of 3T3-L1 cells treated with ethanol vehicle (outlined white), Fraction K (grey), or BEX (black). Mean ± standard error of three trials, n ≥4 per trial. All values normalized to 3T3-L1 cells from the same plate treated with only maintenance medium (normalized average represented by a red dashed line). <i>p</i> values were obtained by performing a Student’s <i>t</i>-test between doses.</p