Ca²⁺-dependent kinases required for activation of the HSR and folding enhancement.

Abstract

<p>(A) Cholinergic signaling at the NMJ activates muscle EGL-19 and Ca²⁺ flux into the cytoplasm of muscle cells, which further activates the ryanodine receptor (RYR) at the SR for muscle contraction. (B) Double knockdown of <i>gei-11</i> with calmodulin <i>cal-1</i>, <i>cal-2</i>, or <i>cal-4</i>; or Ca²⁺-dependent kinase <i>unc-43</i>, <i>pkc-1</i>, <i>pkc-3</i>, or <i>gsk-3</i>, prevented suppression of Q35 aggregation (±SD). % of foci are relative to Q35 in vector RNAi; Student t-test <i>p</i><0.001. (C) Real-time qPCR analysis of <i>hsp-70</i> levels in wt animals upon double RNAi of <i>gei-11</i> with the indicated genes (±SD). Data are relative to vector-treated wt animals. <i>gei-11</i> levels were 0.23±0.101 upon RNAi, relative to vector sample.</p