<p>Cells were treated with 1 µM etoposide, 1 µM staurosporine, or 500 µM palmitate with or without 100 µg/mL EUE. Cell viability was assessed after 24 hours (A). Immunoblot analysis of the lysosomal fraction was performed with antibody against BAX, Hsp60, or LAMP-1 (B). Cells were treated with 500 µM palmitate in the presence or absence of 100 µg/mL EUE. After 24 or 48 hours, cell lysate and lysosome fractions were subjected to immunoblotting with antibodies against BAX, t-Bid, PDI (an ER marker protein), COXII (a mitochondrial marker protein), or LAMP-1 (a lysosomal marker protein). (C). Cells were treated with 500 µM palmitate in the presence or absence of 100 µg/mL EUE. After 24 hours, immunostaining was performed with antibodies against BAX or LAMP-1 (D). The overlapping pattern of fluorescence was quantified (D; right). <sup>*</sup><i>p</i><0.05, significantly different from palmitate-treated condition, Pal.; palmitate, EUE<i>; Eucommia ulmoides</i> Oliver extract, DIC; differential interference contrast microscopy.</p
