<p>Meloxicam inhibits the production of PGE2 by inhibiting COX-2 activity. PGE2 binds to EP2 to upregulate the expression of survivin and Mcl-1 via activation of AKT. Meloxicam induces cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax and Fas-L in a COX-2-independent way. 3-MA inhibits the engulfing of Bax by autophagosome, thus blocks the inhibitory effect of autophagy on apoptosis. PGE2 binds to EP2 to upregulate MMP-2, which in turn promotes the cleavage of E-cadherin. Soluble E-cadherin binds to HER/IGF-1R to activate AKT, while full-length of E-cadherin inhibits activation of AKT. “→” indicates positive regulation or activation; “⊥”, negative regulation or blockade; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; E-cad, E-cadherin; EP2, prostaglandin E2 receptor; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; Mcl-1, myeloid cell leukemia-1; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; 3-MA, 3-methyladenine.</p
