Top: Partial alignments of <i>ANGPT1</i> (left) and <i>RYR2</i> (right) amino acid sequences.

Abstract

<p>The sequences with more than 15% gaps or less than 60% identity with lowland ortholog sequences were filtered out. Dots (.) represent residues identical to lowland wolves' sequence. The mutation S214T in <i>RYR2</i> and M201V in <i>ANGPT1</i> in highland wolves were denoted with arrows. Where highland showed the wolves from Tibet and Qinghai and lowland showed the wolves from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Bottom: Genotypes plots of three hypoxic genes (top) and LD patterns (triangle plot, bottom). These genotypes derive from Sanger sequencing of 35 wolves and were encoded as homozygous reference (ref), heterozygote (het), and homozygous alternative (alt). Red regions represent a high degree of LD. I: intron; N: non-synonymous; S: synonymous.</p