Phosphorus Complexes of <i>meso</i>-Triaryl-25-oxasmaragdyrins

Abstract

The aromatic PO₂ complexes of <i>meso</i>-triaryl-25-oxasmaragdyrins were synthesized by treating the free base 25-oxasmaragdyrins with POCl₃ in toluene/triethylamine at refluxing temperature. The complexes are stable and characterized by X-ray and different spectroscopic techniques. In these complexes, the phosphorus­(V) ion was bound to two pyrrolic nitrogen atoms of the smaragdyrin macrocycle and two oxygen atoms in tetrahedral geometry. The X-ray structure revealed that the smaragdyrin macrocycle showed significant distortion upon insertion of a PO₂ unit, and the phosphorus atom lies 1.339 Å above the mean plane defined by three <i>meso</i>-carbon atoms of the macrocycle. These complexes absorb strongly in the visible region and are 2.5 times more strongly fluorescent than free base 25-oxasmaragdyrins. The smaragdyrin macrocycle becomes electron-deficient upon complexation with a PO₂ unit because these complexes are easier to reduce but difficult to oxidize compared to free base smaragdyrins. We designed and synthesized a covalently linked BODIPY–PO₂-smaragdyrin dyad and demonstrated efficient energy transfer from the BODIPY unit to the PO₂-smaragdyrin unit