Odd-Electron-Bonded Sulfur Radical Cations: X‑ray Structural Evidence of a Sulfur–Sulfur Three-Electron σ‑Bond

Abstract

The one-electron oxidations of 1,8-chalcogen naphthalenes Nap­(SPh)₂ (<b>1</b>) and Nap­(SPh)­(SePh) (<b>2</b>) lead to the formation of persistent radical cations <b>1</b>^•+ and <b>2</b>^•+ in solution. EPR spectra, UV–vis absorptions, and DFT calculations show a three-electron σ-bond in both cations. The former cation remains stable in the solid state, while the latter dimerizes upon crystallization and returns to being radical cations upon dissolution. This work provides conclusive structural evidence of a sulfur–sulfur three-electron σ-bond (in <b>1</b>^•+) and a rare example of a persistent heteroatomic three-electron σ-bond (in <b>2</b>^•+)