The decomposition of the GPCR, the MAPK and the JAK/STAT signaling system.

Abstract

<p>(A) The decomposition result of the GPCR mediated IP3-Ca²⁺ signal transduction pathway. One signaling forward module and four feedback modules are plotted. Green nodes are inputs of the networks, while red ones represent outputs; ovals symbolize reactants and products and squares functional nodes representing specific reactions. The edges connecting ovals to squares associate the participants to each reaction. In addition, a bi-directional line indicates that the reaction is reversible. (B) The decomposition result of the MAPK signaling network. The full network is decomposed into one big forward module, and seven feedback modules. (C) The decomposition result of the JAK/STAT signaling network. One main route constitutes the forward module. Module 1 and 2 are mid-ranged feedback controllers. A local feedback loop and the global gene regulation feedback module are combined in Module 3.</p