<p>No template control (NTC), 1 and 10 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> cells were used as start material. In the droplet MDA, lysed cells were pumped into the droplet generators and genome DNA fragments were randomly encapsulated into picoliter droplets consist of MDA mixture (67 pL per droplet, total 1.5× 10<sup>5</sup> droplets). After 180 min of MDA reaction, the yields were evaluated following droplet breaking and amplicon purification. A total of 10 μL of MDA mixture was used in both droplet MDA and in-tube MDA reactions.</p
