<p>Immunized mice were challenged 4 times with OVA or saline on days 35–38. Six hours after the last challenge, accumulation of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in NALF (A) and expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-17, and EPO mRNA in the nasal tissue (B) were examined. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM for 4–9 animals. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, compared with saline-challenged control mice (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test). Lateral nose sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under optical microscopy. Representative images from 3 independent experiments are shown in panel C. The lower panels are enlarged views of the squares in the upper panels. White and black bars indicate 500 and 50 μm, respectively. The number of infiltrated eosinophils and the grade of epithelial damage are evaluated from the histological images (D). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. **<i>p</i> < 0.01, compared with saline-challenged control mice (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test).</p
