Refined Structure Determination of Blue-Emitting Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum(III) (Alq₃) by the Combined Use of Cross-Polarization/Magic-Angle Spinning ¹³C Solid-State NMR and First-Principles Calculation

Abstract

The combined use of cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) ¹³C NMR experiments and gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) isotropic chemical shift calculations is an easy and useful method for the structural refinement of organic aggregates. In this study, the method is applied to an important material for organic light-emitting diodes, tris­(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum­(III) (Alq₃). CP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectra include precise structural information of not only the conformation of the molecules but also the intermolecular packing. First, the structural refinements were performed for the Alq₃ in the γ- and δ-crystalline forms employing the combined method. Second, information on intramolecular structures and intermolecular structures was distinguished by comparing GIPAW calculations for crystals under periodic boundary conditions and those for isolated molecules extracted from the crystals. It was found from the analysis that the γ-Alq₃ and δ-Alq₃ crystals have similar intramolecular structures both in the facial isomeric state, whereas their intermolecular packing is significantly different. Both the γ-Alq₃ and δ-Alq₃ crystals exhibit unusual blue emission, which is different from conventional green emission, and the origin of the difference has been debated. This investigation shows that the origin of the blue-shifted emission is the isomeric states of Alq₃, not the intermolecular packing