<p>Here, and in subsequent figures, in the absence of any intervention the type reproductive number <i>T</i><sub><i>R</i></sub> at the disease-free equilibrium is ≈ 4.56; note, however, that at the disease-endemic equilibrium, the effective type reproductive number is one. Here, and in subsequent figures, the solid grey line represents the total number of cases or the effective type reproductive number in the absence of any management strategy. (A) The effects of an antimicrobial medication that renders infectious hosts recovered at different rates on the total number of cases. The natural recovery rate is 1/6 ≈ 0.17 per day. We highlight that even a very weak effect from antimicrobial medications (0.01; approximately 5% of the background natural recovery rate) can cause large transient fluctuations at the disease-endemic equilibrium. The type reproductive number at the disease-free equilibrium is below one when the medication-induced recovery rate is above 0.63 per day. (B) The effects of an antimicrobial medication with different recovery rates on the effective type reproductive number at a given point in time. (C) The effects of vaccinating a fraction <i>ϵ</i> of newborns on the total number of cases and (D) the effective type reproductive number at a given point in time. In this, and in subsequent figures, the cumulative incidence relative to no intervention over time is defined as the running aggregate (see the main text for details).</p
