<p>The abundance of Accumulibacter was calculated according to the copy numbers of Accumulibacter and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by qPCR analysis. Meanwhile the 2 copies of <i>rrn</i> operon in CAP IIA UW-1 and 4 copies of <i>rrn</i> operon in the available bacterial finished genomes have been taken into account. The proportions of different <i>ppk1</i> genes in one sample was estimated by the copy numbers obtained from the qPCR assay using primer sets targeting <i>ppk1</i> genes of specific clades.</p