Tailoring Carbon Nanostructure with Diverse and Tunable
Morphology by the Pyrolysis of Self-Assembled Lamellar Nanodomains
of a Block Copolymer
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Abstract
The pyrolysis of
a block copolymer thin film, the free surface
of which was in contact with air or a capping layer of SiO<sub>2</sub>, produced four carbon nanostructures. Thin films of a diblock copolymer
having perpendicularly oriented lamellar nanodomains served as carbon
and nitrogen precursors. Before pyrolysis, the lamellar nanodomains
were cross-linked with UV irradiation under nitrogen gas (UVIN). Without
a capping layer, pyrolysis caused a structural transformation from
lamellar nanodomains to short carbon nanowires or to dropletlike nanocarbons
in a row via Rayleigh instability, depending on the duration of pyrolysis.
When capped with a layer of SiO<sub>2</sub> followed by pyrolysis,
the lamellar nanodomains were converted to pod-like, spaghetti-like,
or long worm-like carbon nanostructures. These carbon nanostructures
were driven by controlling the surface or interface tension and the
residual yield of solid carbonaceous species