Rock-Salt Growth-Induced (003) Cracking in a Layered
Positive Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries
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Abstract
For the first time,
(003) cracking is observed and determined to
be the major cracking mechanism for the primary particles of Ni-rich
layered dioxides as the positive electrode for Li-ion batteries. Using
transmission electron microscopy techniques, here we show that the
propagation and fracturing of platelet-like rock-salt phase along
the (003) plane of the layered oxide are the leading cause for the
cracking of primary particles. The fracturing of the rock-salt platelet
is induced by the stress discontinuity between the parent layered
oxide and the rock-salt phase. The high nickel content is considered
to be the key factor for the formation of the rock-salt platelet and
thus the (003) cracking. The (003)-type cracking can be a major factor
for the structural degradation and associated capacity fade of the
layered positive electrode