The proportion of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is increasing throughout the
world, which sequentially drives upward the global frequency of diabetic kidney disease (1,
2). Diabetes is a costly and deadly disease. Patients with diabetic kidney disease are at an
increased risk for cardiovascular disease, premature death, and other severe diseases that
ensue in increased health-care utilization and frequent hospitalizations (1, 2). In fact, type II
diabetes mellitus is an ongoing medical dilemma that clinicians deal with on a daily basis