[Abstract] Calcaneal osteotomy is a commonly established method used to correct various foot
malalignment surgery problems that produce varus and valgus hindfoot abnormality
as well as Haglund's deformity, cavovarus foot reconstruction, flatfoot deformity,
plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and planovalgus foot. After
decades, several procedures in orthopaedic foot surgery have been suggested for
reducing the risk of wound and neurovascular complications. The goal of this Prisma
statement guidelines compliant systematic review was to establish the effectiveness
and safety of calcaneal osteotomy in foot surgery. We have performed a novel
systematic review of the current published literature in order to evaluate the scientific
evidence now available on this association, assigning predefined exclusion and
inclusion criteria. Eight investigations were selected which had 191 cases. The adult
flatfoot, tibialis posterior reconstruction and cavovarus foot deformity were treated
with different procedures of calcaneal osteotomy techniques. The adequate level of
effectiveness of calcaneal osteotomy is associated with the kind and location of the
incision, with or without screw application, in each specific foot condition. There is
a limited number of scientific investigations of the effectiveness and safety of the
different kinds of calcaneal osteotomy in foot surgery, and there is the need to
enhance outcome knowledge on this foot surgery technique