Velibeyoglu, Koray

Yigitcanlar, Tan

English

Name not available

A quest for knowledge-based (urban) development : knowledge assets and networks of Istanbul, Turkey

Queensland University of Technology ePrints Archive

               QUT Digital Repository:  http://eprints.qut.edu.au/ Velibeyoglu, Koray and Yigitcanlar, Tan (2008) A quest for knowledge-based (urban) development : knowledge assets and networks of Istanbul, Turkey. In: The 3rd International Symposium on Knowledge Cities, 17 - 19 November 2008, Turkey, Istanbul..            © Copyright 2008 Development Institute (AUDI) and İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality A quest for knowledge-based (urban) development: knowledge assets and networks of    Istanbul, TurkeyDr Koray Velibeyoglu &Dr Tan Yigitcanlar  3rd International Symposium on Knowledge Cities 17-19 November 2008 Istanbul – Turkey Knowledge assets and networks of Istanbul     P t ti O tliresen a on u ne• The key concepts and terms: – Knowledge City Knowledge-based Urban Development ,   – Assets and Networks• Istanbul’s world city discourse and beyond• Istanbul’s assets and capital systems– Knowledge asset base– Other supporting bases• Istanbul’s global networksHard networks–  – Soft networks• Concluding RemarksKnowledge City: Foundations  knowledge i tprec nc sknowledgeknowledge baseSFOUBasicKnowledge City villageseconomic basequality of lifeCALENDAknowledge corridorsurban diversitysocial equityTIONSupportingDknowledge iorganising capacitySRIVreg onsAsset baseERSNetworksKnowledge based (Urban) Development-  Asset: Definitions and Categories   A t lit ll f l d d i bl thi th t i th h i• n asse  era y means use u  an   es ra e ng a  s wor  av ng or quality for personal, social, economic or cultural benefit.• A resource with economic value that an individual, corporation or country owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide future benefit.• A stock of financial, human, natural or social resources that can be acquired, developed, improved and transferred across generations.Non-Financial AssetsIntangible AssetsTangible AssetsCultural and Historical AssetsNatural and EnvironmentalKnowledge AssetsPhysical-InfrastructuralSocial and Human Assets  Assets Assets Asset: Types Financial Asset: Stocks bonds bankAll Assets , ,  deposits, and the like, it does not necessarily have physical worth.Non Financial Asset: An asset with aFinancial Assets-       physical value such as land, property or some type of object, it is physical and have values based upon their physical properties.Non-Financial AssetsIntangible AssetsIntangible Asset: not physical in nature. Knowledge assets like intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, Tangible Assetscopyrights, business methodologies) is  common intangible asset in today's economy. Tangible Asset: An asset that has a physical form such as machinery, buildings and land.Knowledge Asset Base  Tangible IntangibleKnowledge Clusters and TechnologyUniversities and R&D CentresQuality Human Stock and InfrastructuresIntellectual Property (i.e. Patent, Innovation and Creativity Capital Systems (i.e. Social,  Hotspots Trademarks) Capacity Cultural)Networks: Definitions A k i f networ  s a set ointerconnected nodes.Networks consist of nodes and links.• Nodes: A node is the point h th i t t it lfw ere e curve n ersec s se . Every “node” (which can be a company, a person, but also a city) in the knowledge network develops its own specialization.• Links: A link is the means of       connecting one location to another.A completely-connected set of nodesSource: Castells, 1999; Salingaros (2003)Urban Networks City and Competitiveness ,   U b N t kr an e wor s:• Nodes include potential economic players such as business firms, financial institutions andNetwork ApproachSpatial Logic   governments.• Links refer to quantifying various interactions between economicCity as Interconnection• city as a node in multiple and interacting transport, i d i ti t knal Approachc   players dealing with business, R&D, design, marketing, logistics etc. City as Symboleconom c an  commun ca on ne wor s• city as interconnection between place and node FunctionroachCognitive LogiUrban Networks and Competitiveness: • there are many nodes with only a f li k d tl l• city overcoming time and space• city as symbol of territorial control• city as producer of symbols, codes, and languagesS ymbolic ApprCew n s an  consequen y a ow degree of competitiveness, but only a few highly competitive nodes with a large number of links (Power Law distribution of networks).Source: Camagni (1991); Drewe (2005)Hard and Soft Networks   • Hard Networks: infrastructure-dependent networks– Transportation Networks (roads, intersections, parking areas, rail infrastructure, railway stations, inland waterways, inland harbors, sea lanes, seaports, aviation routes and airports)ICT i f t t–  n ras ruc ure– Water and Energy NetworksConnection• Soft Networks: gathering knowledge via people-related social interaction – Research and knowledge networksCooperation   – Cultural and institutional networks– Networks of territorial authoritiesCollaborationPartnershipAllianceAnalysis Framework Istanbul as World City: Different Periods     ISTANBULIstanbul as a trade colonyIstanbul as imperial capital of Byzantine d Ott E iIstanbul as economic and cultural capital of Istanbul as world cityIstanbul as an emerging 7th Between an  oman mp reEarly Turkish Republic1990sKnowledge city?21st Century BC 1st and Early 20th Century1980s CenturySource: Yenen (1993); GAWC(2000)Knowledge Asset base of Istanbul    Universities and R&D Centers   U i i i f h l f ‘l l k l d h b ’ b i i• n vers t es per orm t e ro e o  oca  now e ge u s  r ng ng global knowledge into the region. Those knowledge hubs can be considered as the core of the formation of new knowledge precinct developments where the learning value has the prime importance. University-centered developments have a special foci on research, experimentation, and testing that has created the triple-helix model of innovation (public-private-academia partnership)Knowledge Clusters and Technology Hotspots• As a centre of national culture and media industries Istanbul can           easily exploit specific niches for instance in design and fashion in line with a careful clustering policy and urban knowledge precincts for creative industries.• Two spontaneous knowledge clusters and technology hotspots in Istanbul: – Maslak-Taksim Axis: big media conglomerates and ICT firms in new business centre– Kadikoy-Pendik Axis: ICT-based services in the Asian side of Istanbul.• However, there is no sign of designed cluster policy and formation of new urban knowledge precincts in this regard, particularly no evidence of knowledge community precinct development.Quality Human Stock: Talent, Innovation and CreativityQ li f h k d l l i i l f k l d b d• ua ty o  uman stoc  an  ta ent poo  s v ta  or now e ge- ase  urban development of Istanbul. • The lack of appropriate secondary and tertiary education is a significant bottleneck for knowledge society strategies in Istanbul as well as rest of Turkey. This holds back the knowledge intensive sectors like Istanbul’s software industry as it does not produce the,    ,       required skilled human stock for the market.• Istanbul is either underdeveloped or not significantly strong in terms f titi d i ti N th l lt fo  compe veness an  nnova veness. ever e ess, as a resu  o  its natural, historical and architectural assets, growing urban infrastructure investments and advanced service industries, Istanbul’s economic and resident skill base are still good enough to accommodate more qualified jobs and international talent in the foreseeable future.Other Supporting Bases  S i b I b l d 26• trong econom c ase: stan u  pro uces  percent of the gross added values of the entire Turkish economy. Istanbul has registered one of the highest output growth rates since the mid-1990s. Istanbul has also attracted most of the FDI in the country, particularly in producer services.• Socio-cultural base Istanbul has many strong assets to attract knowledge workers seeking to live and work in an ‘authentic’ and ‘historical’ place:     – its very location, – its unique architectural heritage, – vibrant urban districts, – the legacy of its historical heritage, and – its wide range of other attractions     Global Networks of Istanbul   ISTANBULCyberspace Atlas, Dodge (2001)Hard Networks: Financial Power   Based on Kunzmann (1997)Hard Networks: Energy  EU will need to be connected to the Turkish network by 2010 t io rece ve gas from the Caspian Sea region and/or the  Middle East. Source: INOGATE (2003)Hard Networks: Airports  Based on Kunzmann (1997)Hard Networks: Railroads  Iron Silk Road Project: a land-bridge between main routes of EurasiaSource: Schiller Institute (2002)Soft Networks: Culture  The European  Capital of Culture1985: Athens1988: Berlin 1991: Dublin1994: Lisbon1997: Thessalonica1998: Stockholm2001: Porto,2003: Graz2004: Genoa2008: Liverpool2009: Lithuania Vilnius2010: IstanbulBased on Kunzmann (1997)Soft Networks: Organizations  Sister Cities Network of Istanbul around Europe and MENA region.Opportunities and Constraints  O i i C t i tpportun t es:• quality of supporting bases to promote knowledge asset ons ra n s:• massiveness of labor-intensive activities in the economic based l k f kill d h t kbase (cultural, historical, logistical and financial assets)• increasing economic linkagesan  ac  o  s e  uman s oc  for the advanced industries • constraints on human capital    with (inter)national hinterland • Rising investment and development, • large informal sector and increased income disparities, awareness on biotechnology (i.e. pharmaceutical) and software industry (i.e. Valley of • over-migration decaying urban infrastructures, • lack of affordable housingInformatics Project)   ,• high earthquake and quality of life riskFurther Actions for Developing Knowledge Asset BaseIstanbul does benefit from its important assets and internationalnetworks in the knowledge-based development of the city butreforms and new strategies are needed:1 Sectoral mix of technology zones should be seriously.reconsidered. New creative industry sectors like design andfashion incubators should be initiated.2. Istanbul should use the knowledge as the most strategic elementfor the integration to the global system. Therefore, strategy andinitiatives for leveraging knowledge assets should be based oncity’s unique assets and opportunities.3. To enhance Istanbul’s knowledge base there is a crucial need tomove towards a knowledge based urban development and-investment structure based on the triple-helix model. R&Dactivities should be thematically concentrated and industry-i it l ti h ld b h d t iun vers y re a ons s ou e en ance o ncreasecompetitiveness and create high-skilled employment.‘Asset Management’ as a starting point for Knowledge-based Development of IstanbulAsset IdentificationIn order to improve solid asset base, a long-term asset Asset Valuation(Inventory, Mapping)building strategy and careful asset management   (Evaluation of strengths and Selection of Priority Areas)framework should be applied for Istanbul city.Preparation of Asset Management Plan(Short Term/Long Term)Financial and Integration with City Vision and other strategic goals, objectives and plansThis framework is now generic, more empirically focused  Selection of Application Projects(According to Calculating Risk and Benefits)Institutional ResourcesOrganizational Capacity  research is needed for mapping Istanbul’s knowledge asset baseProject ImplementationsNew Produced Assets   . Performance Monitoring  KEY REFERENCES ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED URBAN DEVELOPMENTKNOWLEDGE BASED PREMIER REFERENCE SOURCE-DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES AND SOCIETIES An Integrated Multi-level ApproachYigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K. and Baum, S., (Eds.) (2008), ‘Knowledge‐based urban development: planning and applications in the information era’, London: Information Science Reference.METAXIOTIS, CARRILLO & YIGITCANLARYIGITCANLAR, VELIBEYOGLU & BAUMYIGITCANLAR, VELIBEYOGLU & BAUMYigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K. and Baum, S., (Eds.) (2008), ‘Creative urban regions: harnessing urban technologies to support knowledge city initiatives’, London: Information Science Reference. Metaxiotis, K., Carrillo, J. and Yigitcanlar, T., (Eds.) (2009), ‘Knowledge‐based development of cities and societies: an integrated multi‐level approach’, London: Information Science Reference.

A quest for knowledge-based (urban) development: knowledge assets and networks of Istanbul, Turkey

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