Tarawali, Shirley A.

CGSpace

The changing livestock sector in developing countries: the context for animal genetic researchShirley TarawaliAnimal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015Key messages• Demand for animal source foods is increasing rapidly  - almost all the increase is in developing countries• Despite this, food and nutritional challenges remain• Human health and environmental challenges associated with animal source foods important• Much animal protein is produced by smallholders in developing countries• Opportunities for research in general, animal genetics in particular to contribute to Animal source foods:  4 of 5 highest value global commodities FAOSTAT 2015(values for 2013)024681012024681012Net production value (Int $) billionProduction (MT) millionsCow milk has overtaken riceDrivers of change: populationAnticipated change 2013 – 2050Asia: +20%Africa: +113%Europe: -4% 2015 GDP growth forecastPercentage urban, 2014Gains in meat consumption in developingcountries are outpacing those of developed024681012Million metric tonnes% growth in demand for livestock products2000 - 20308024681012Pork024681012Poultry024681012MilkFAO, 2011Based on anticipated change in absolute tonnes of product comparing 2000 and 2030The challenge: Is attaining global food security andsustainable food production possible? How will the world feed itself sustainablyby the time the population stabilizes about 2050?• 60% more food than is produced now will be needed• 75% of this must come from producing more food from the same amount of land• The higher production must be achieved while reducing poverty and addressing environmental, social and health concerns• This greater production will have to be achieved with temperatures that may be 2−4 degrees warmer than today’sDemand for animal source foods rising fastest Nutritional divides among 7 billion people todayChronic disease likely to cost $35 trillion by 203011% of GNP lost annually  in Africa and Asia from poor nutritionFood insecurity and under nutrition remain persistent• 72 developing countries have reached the 2015 MDG 1 target of halving the proportion of hungry people• Hunger remains an everyday challenge for• almost 795 million people worldwide, including 780 million in developing regions2014-2016As much as half of the agricultural GHG emissions come from animalsGHG per kg of animal protein produced varies hugely: Big opportunities to mitigate Herrero et al. 2013What’s special about animal/smallholder food?• 90% of animal products are produced  and consumed in the same country or region• Most are produced by smallholders• Over 70% of livestock productsare sold ‘informally’• 500 million smallholders produce 80% of the developing world’s food• 43% of the agricultural workforceis femaleVarious sources:BMGF, FAO and ILRISmallholders still dominatelivestock production in many countriesRegion (definition of ‘smallholder’)% production by smallholder livestock farmsBeef Chicken meatSheep/goat meatMilk Pork EggsEast Africa(≤ 6 milking animals)60-90Bangladesh(< 3ha land)65 77 78 65 77India(< 2ha land)75 92 92 69 71Vietnam (small scale)80Philippines(backyard)50 35Demand for livestock commodities in developing economies will be met – the only question is howScenario #1Meeting livestock demand byimporting livestock productsScenario #2Meeting livestock demand byimporting livestock industrial production know-howScenario #3Meeting livestock demand bytransforming smallholder livestock systemsSustainable animal food systems are a must• Productivity and efficiency:– Sufficient food with lower environmental foot print: Animal health, genetics, feeding• Animal source foods:– Safe, not wasted and consumed in appropriate quantities• Emerging challenges:– Zoonotic diseases– Anti-Microbial ResistanceReplacing the 90% of locally produced animal commodities is not feasible• Economically• Africa’s food import bill (2013): US $ 44 billion• About one fifth is livestock (highest after cereals):• Meat: US $ 5 billion; Milk: US $ 4 billion • Business as usual: the import bill doubles• Or for livelihoods• Almost 1 billion rely on livestock for livelihoods43% of the agricultural workforce is Research for development solutions• Food & nutritional security• Poverty eradication• Environment & human healthPolicies, institutions and marketsSustainable livestock systemsFeed resourcesAnimal genetics and breedingLivestock  healthCapacity developmentLivestock genetics in the midst of this complexityImproved geneticsImproved productivity Lower disease riskReduced emissions intensityLess zoonosesRespond to new challengesDirect: climate; markets; ………Indirect: vectors – disease……..Targeting: by system; commodityDelivery and ‘maintenance’Information  Using production from different genotypesand production systems to assess gapsAAAAB = reproduction onlyC = health onlyBCEffects of different management strategies on theincrease in value of annualized milk off-takeUsing productivity data combinedwith modelling to assess gapsGains from dairy technology interventions: Value of change in milk yields onlyThe presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.better lives through livestockilri.org

The changing livestock sector in developing countries: The context for animal genetic research

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/70079/1/b4fa_Tarawali_sep2015.pdf

The changing livestock sector in developing countries: The context for animal genetic research

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CGSpace