Perkembangan Dan Permasalahan Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah Di Indonesia

Abstract

. Soil research in Indonesia began in 1817 but officially soils classification research began in 1905. The first soil classification of soils in Indonesia was prepared by E. C. J. Mohr in 1910 at Bodemkundig Instituut. Soils classification is based on the principle of genesis and soils classified are named on the basis of color. This classification was updated several times in 1910, 1916, 1922, and 1933. In 1972 Mohr with van Baren and Schuylenborgh published a book on soils in the tropics with the title "Tropical Soil, A comprehensive study of their genesis". Further soil classification is White classification which was developed in 1931. In the White classification system, the nature of the soil classification is based on geology and type of weathering, but the names of the soil is still too long and complicated. In 1938 in Deli soil classification was prepared by Druif for soil mapping in the area of tobacco plantation. Druif research results have been reported in detail in 3 series of book De Bodem van Deli. Soil classification system considered advanced, based on morphometric, is a classification system of Dudal and Soepraptohardjo (1957, 1961). This classification system is used in the soil mapping resources in Indonesia at the level of semi detail and exploration. In 1983, the Centre for Soil Research has published a soil classification system intended for semi-detailed soil mapping for transmigration program. The classification is based on the morphogenetic and a refinement of the classification system of Dudal and Soepraptohardjo (1961). Various definitions various especially at great group level is mostly using the definition of the Legend of the Soil Map of the World ( FAO / UNESCO, 1974) and adapted to the soil classification in Indonesia. Other soil classification system used in Indonesia is the soil taxonomy classification system which was began to be published in 1975. This soil classification system is still used to refer to the book of Keys to Soils Taxonomy, eleventh edition (2010). Other soil classification system is a World Soil Map Unit of the FAO/UNESCO (1974). Up till 2013, Indonesia does not have a national soil classification system, although several times of the National Congress of Soil Science Society of Indonesia has mandated to formulate a national soil classification. The efforts made by the Indonesia Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development is successful to draft national soil classification which was introduced in 2013, but this concept still requires improvement and recognition from experts soil genesis and classification throughout Indonesia