Apostolos, Pappas

Efthimia, Stofa

Fotini, Rozi

Georgios, Andrianopoulos

Ioannis, Andrianopoulos

Panagiota, Mylona

Panoutsopoulos, Athanasios

Theodoros, Mpoumpoukas

Vassiliki, Leventogianni

Voudoukis, Evangelos

English

PubMed

Ioannis Andrianopoulos

Fotini Rozi

Panagiota Mylona

Theodoros Mpoumpoukas

Vassiliki Leventogianni

Efthimia Stofa

Apostolos Pappas

Panoutsopoulos Athanasios

Voudoukis Evangelos

Georgios Andrianopoulos

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Retrovirology

Clinical presentation of influenza a (H1N1) infection in a local emergency department in Greece

Evangelos Voudoukis

Athanasios Panoutsopoulos

Pappas Apostolos

Stofa Efthimia

Leventogianni Vassiliki

Mpoumpoukas Theodoros

Mylona Panagiota

Rozi Fotini

Andrianopoulos Ioannis

Andrianopoulos Georgios

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POSTER PRESENTATION Open AccessClinical presentation of influenza a (H1N1)infection in a local emergency departmentin GreeceEvangelos Voudoukis*, Athanasios Panoutsopoulos, Pappas Apostolos, Stofa Efthimia, Leventogianni Vassiliki,Mpoumpoukas Theodoros, Mylona Panagiota, Rozi Fotini, Andrianopoulos Ioannis, Andrianopoulos GeorgiosFrom 16th International Symposium on HIV and Emerging Infectious DiseasesMarseille, France. 24-26 March 2010BackgroundAfter the global spread of the new swine-origin influ-enza virus A (H1N1) the World Health Organizationraised the level of influenza pandemic alert up to phase6, thus declaring a public health emergency of majorimportance. In response to this declaration many coun-tries, including ours, organized a network for the report-ing, diagnosis, and treatment of influenza A (H1N1)infection. Our aim is to report the epidemiological andclinical characteristics of H1N1 infected patients, whopresented to our local emergency department and com-pare their clinical features with patients with commoninfluenza-like symptoms who tested negative for theH1N1 virus.MethodsOur study included forty-five patients with influenza-likesymptoms who presented to the emergency departmentof General Hospital of Argos from July to August 2009and whose medical history was suggestive Clinicalexamination, blood and x-ray tests were conducted inall patients. In addition, pharyngeal swabs were obtainedand tested for detection of H1N1 virus by real-timereverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) of H1N1 infection.ResultsWe examined 26(57.8%) males and 19(42.2%) females,with an average age of 30 years old. Eighteen cases(40%) were positive for the H1N1 virus. The patientsclinical and laboratory data are presented in Table 1.Forty-one percent of the infected patients came incontact with a verified case of H1N1 infection, 18% hadrecently traveled abroad and 41% had no whatsoeverobvious cause of infection. This study included 3families of whom 8 members out of 9 were found posi-tive. Statistical analysis showed that the number ofwhite blood cells were significantly higher in patientswho tested negative for the H1N1 infection (8.910 ±4.250 vs 6.670 ± 2.340, P < 0.05) compared to the H1N1infected patients. No significant differences were foundbetween H1N1 positive and negative patients withrespect to the patients’ age and gender, duration ofillness, presence of fever and serious complications.DiscussionThe clinical characteristics of the new influenza A(H1N1) appeared mild and resembled those of commoninfluenza-like illness. The patients who tested negativefor the H1N1 virus had a higher mean value of whiteblood cells; nonetheless their number remained withinthe normal reference range of our laboratory. Furtherstudies are necessary in order to verify these results.Published: 11 May 2010doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-S1-P184Cite this article as: Voudoukis et al.: Clinical presentation of influenza a(H1N1) infection in a local emergency department in Greece.Retrovirology 2010 7(Suppl 1):P184.* Correspondence: v.voudoukis@hotmail.comDepartment of internal medicine of General Hospital of Argos, Argos, GreeceVoudoukis et al. Retrovirology 2010, 7(Suppl 1):P184http://www.retrovirology.com/content/7/S1/P184© 2010 Voudoukis et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Table 1 Patients’ clinical and laboratory dataH1N1(+)N = 18H1N1(-)N = 27P VALUEAge (mean ± SD) 28.3 ± 12.8 31.2 ± 13.5 0.468White Blood Cells (mean ± SD) 6.670 ± 2.340 8.910 ± 4.250 0.049Duration of Illness (days) (mean ± SD) 5.22 ± 1.99 5.22 ± 1.99 1.000Gender (male/female) 9/9 (50%/50%) 17/10 (63%/37%) 0.388White Blood Cells 0.095Normal 15 (83.3%) 22 (81.5%)High 0 (0%) 4 (14.8%)Low 3 (16.7%) 1 (3.7%)Neutrophilles 0.172Normal 13 (72.2%) 17 (63%)High 1 (5.6%) 7 (25.9%)Low 4 (22.2%) 3 (11.1%)Lymphocytes 0.816Normal 8 (44.4%) 13 (48.1%)High 4 (22.2%) 4 (14.8%)low 6 (33.3%) 10 (37.1%)Monocytes 0.393Normal 7 (38.9%) 14 (51.9%)High 11 (61.1%) 13 (48.1%)Fever 0.420≥38 14 (77.8%) 18 (66.7%)<38 4 (22.2%) 9 (33.3%)Hospital admission (no/yes) 15/3 (83.3%/16.7%) 26/1 (96.3%/3.7%) 0.134Complications (no/yes) 17/1 25/2 0.807Bronchitis 1(5.6%) -Pneumonia - 2(7.4%)Voudoukis et al. Retrovirology 2010, 7(Suppl 1):P184http://www.retrovirology.com/content/7/S1/P184Page 2 of 2

POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access
Clinical presentation of influenza a (H1N1)
infection in a local emergency department
in Greece
Evangelos Voudoukis*, Athanasios Panoutsopoulos, Pappas Apostolos, Stofa Efthimia, Leventogianni Vassiliki,
Mpoumpoukas Theodoros, Mylona Panagiota, Rozi Fotini, Andrianopoulos Ioannis, Andrianopoulos Georgios
From 16th International Symposium on HIV and Emerging Infectious Diseases
Marseille, France. 24-26 March 2010
Background
After the global spread of the new swine-origin influ-
enza virus A (H1N1) the World Health Organization
raised the level of influenza pandemic alert up to phase
6, thus declaring a public health emergency of major
importance. In response to this declaration many coun-
tries, including ours, organized a network for the report-
ing, diagnosis, and treatment of influenza A (H1N1)
infection. Our aim is to report the epidemiological and
clinical characteristics of H1N1 infected patients, who
presented to our local emergency department and com-
pare their clinical features with patients with common
influenza-like symptoms who tested negative for the
H1N1 virus.
Methods
Our study included forty-five patients with influenza-like
symptoms who presented to the emergency department
of General Hospital of Argos from July to August 2009
and whose medical history was suggestive Clinical
examination, blood and x-ray tests were conducted in
all patients. In addition, pharyngeal swabs were obtained
and tested for detection of H1N1 virus by real-time
reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) of H1N1 infection.
Results
We examined 26(57.8%) males and 19(42.2%) females,
with an average age of 30 years old. Eighteen cases
(40%) were positive for the H1N1 virus. The patients
clinical and laboratory data are presented in Table 1.
Forty-one percent of the infected patients came in
contact with a verified case of H1N1 infection, 18% had
recently traveled abroad and 41% had no whatsoever
obvious cause of infection. This study included 3
families of whom 8 members out of 9 were found posi-
tive. Statistical analysis showed that the number of
white blood cells were significantly higher in patients
who tested negative for the H1N1 infection (8.910 ±
4.250 vs 6.670 ± 2.340, P < 0.05) compared to the H1N1
infected patients. No significant differences were found
between H1N1 positive and negative patients with
respect to the patients’ age and gender, duration of
illness, presence of fever and serious complications.
Discussion
The clinical characteristics of the new influenza A
(H1N1) appeared mild and resembled those of common
influenza-like illness. The patients who tested negative
for the H1N1 virus had a higher mean value of white
blood cells; nonetheless their number remained within
the normal reference range of our laboratory. Further
studies are necessary in order to verify these results.
Published: 11 May 2010
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-S1-P184
Cite this article as: Voudoukis et al.: Clinical presentation of influenza a
(H1N1) infection in a local emergency department in Greece.
Retrovirology 2010 7(Suppl 1):P184.
* Correspondence: v.voudoukis@hotmail.com
Department of internal medicine of General Hospital of Argos, Argos, Greece
Voudoukis et al. Retrovirology 2010, 7(Suppl 1):P184
http://www.retrovirology.com/content/7/S1/P184
© 2010 Voudoukis et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Table 1 Patients’ clinical and laboratory data
H1N1(+)
N = 18
H1N1(-)
N = 27
P VALUE
Age (mean ± SD) 28.3 ± 12.8 31.2 ± 13.5 0.468
White Blood Cells (mean ± SD) 6.670 ± 2.340 8.910 ± 4.250 0.049
Duration of Illness (days) (mean ± SD) 5.22 ± 1.99 5.22 ± 1.99 1.000
Gender (male/female) 9/9 (50%/50%) 17/10 (63%/37%) 0.388
White Blood Cells 0.095
Normal 15 (83.3%) 22 (81.5%)
High 0 (0%) 4 (14.8%)
Low 3 (16.7%) 1 (3.7%)
Neutrophilles 0.172
Normal 13 (72.2%) 17 (63%)
High 1 (5.6%) 7 (25.9%)
Low 4 (22.2%) 3 (11.1%)
Lymphocytes 0.816
Normal 8 (44.4%) 13 (48.1%)
High 4 (22.2%) 4 (14.8%)
low 6 (33.3%) 10 (37.1%)
Monocytes 0.393
Normal 7 (38.9%) 14 (51.9%)
High 11 (61.1%) 13 (48.1%)
Fever 0.420
≥38 14 (77.8%) 18 (66.7%)
<38 4 (22.2%) 9 (33.3%)
Hospital admission (no/yes) 15/3 (83.3%/16.7%) 26/1 (96.3%/3.7%) 0.134
Complications (no/yes) 17/1 25/2 0.807
Bronchitis 1(5.6%) -
Pneumonia - 2(7.4%)
Voudoukis et al. Retrovirology 2010, 7(Suppl 1):P184
http://www.retrovirology.com/content/7/S1/P184
Page 2 of 2


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Clinical presentation of influenza a (H1N1) infection in a local emergency department in Greece

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