Magnesium and magnesium alloy were investigated for plastic work to heat conversion (β). Thermomechanical response was measured employing the shear-compression specimen geometry, a split-Hopkinson pressure bar, and an infra-red detector. β of both materials measured to be less than the common assumption of 0.9; however, heat conversion was observed to be greater for magnesium alloy. Thus, results suggest that alloying and grain size refinement not only improved yield strength but also affected the thermomechanical response

Ghosh, Dipankar

Kingstedt, Owen T.

Ravichandran, Guruswami

Caltech Authors - Main

 1 
Supporting Material 
Plastic work to heat conversion during high-strain rate deformation of Mg and Mg alloy 
Dipankar Ghosh,1,*,¶ Owen T. Kingstedt,2 Guruswami Ravichandran2 
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,  
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA 
2Division of Engineering and Applied Science,  
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 757 683 3738; fax: +1 757 683 5344. 
E-mail address: dghosh@odu.edu (D. Ghosh). 
¶This author was a postdoctoral scholar at California Institute of Technology during this work. 
 2 
 
 
Figure S1: Schematic representation of the shear compression specimen (not to scale). The red 
square represents an approximate location from where temperature rise during dynamic 
deformation was measured. All dimensions are in millimeters [1].  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45° 
12 7.5 
20 
2.5
 
2.5 2.5 
 3 
Calibration of the IR detector system  
The IR detector set up contains a single element and liquid N2 cooled HgCdTe detector, and a 
matching amplifier. The size of the active area of the detector is about 100 µm × 100 µm and 
thus temperature is also measured from a very small area of the sample (100 µm × 100 µm) [2]. 
Figure S1 shows an approximate location within the thin gage section from where temperature 
rise during dynamic deformation was measured. The temperature measurement is an average 
within the bulk material. The optical imaging system (Newtonian) comprises a concave mirror 
with a radius of curvature of 140 mm and a 45° reflecting mirror placed at the focus of the 
concave mirror. The area magnification was set to approximately 1. Data acquisition rate used 
was 20 MHz. Since the IR detector produces signals in voltage, calibration curves are necessary 
to convert voltage signals to temperatures. For this purpose, a small K-type thermocouple was 
tightly inserted at mid thickness of the gauge section of a dummy SCS. Calibration procedure 
consisted of heating the sample using a IR heater, then placing the sample between incident and 
transmission bars, and recording the signals both from the thermocouples and IR detector as the 
sample cooled down to room temperature. Thin ceramic disks were placed between the sample 
and bar interfaces to cut down the heat loss from the sample to the bars. In the current 
experiments, calibration curves were produced multiple times to insure repeatability. 
Considerable care was taken for repeatable sample positioning between the bars and accurate 
focusing of the IR system on the gauge section. It is known that roughness developed on the 
sample surfaces during mechanical deformation can affect the emissivity of the samples and, 
therefore, calibrations were conducted on pre-deformed specimens.     
 
 
 
 4 
 
Figure S2: A comparison of the quasi-static stress-strain responses measured from the CYS and 
SCS geometries. By fitting the quasi-static compression load-displacements data from the SCS to 
that from the CYS, empirical constants (k1, k2 and k3) in equations (1-3) were obtained to derive 
the stress, strain and strain data for the SCS geometry.  
References 
[1] D. Rittel, G. Ravichandran, A. Venkert, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 432 (2006) 191.  
[2] D. Rittel, M. L. Silva, B. Poon, G. Ravichandran, Mech. Mater. 41 (2009) 1323. 
 


Plastic Work to Heat Conversion During High-Strain Rate Deformation of Mg and Mg Alloy

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Plastic Work to Heat Conversion During High-Strain Rate Deformation of Mg and Mg Alloy

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