Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Powell, Robert

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Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

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REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: POLYCHROTIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Powell, R. 2002. Anolis aliniger. Anolis aliniger Mertens Anolis chloro-cyanus aliniger Mertens 1939:66. Type locality, "unterhalb von Paso Bajito, etwa 900 m H." (= below Paso Bajito, about 900 m elev., [Provincia de La Vega, Repiiblica Dominicana]). Holotype, Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt-am-Main (SMF) 25825, adult male, collected by R. Mertens, 2 March 1939 (not examined by author). Anolis aliniger: Williams 1965:2. CONTENT. Anolis aliniger is monotypic. DEFINITION. Anolis aliniger is a moderately sized member of the A. chlorocyanus species group of Hispaniolan green anoles. Maximum known SVL of both males and females is 57 mm (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Loreal rows number 3- 4, scales between supraorbitals 0-1, scales between interpari- eta1 and supraorbital semicircles 2 4 ,  postrostrals 5, and postmentals 4. Suboculars are in contact with the supralabials. Scales behind the interparietal do not grade into dorsals, instead several rows of abruptly larger scales are present. Dorsal body scales are small, granular, and flat. Middorsal scales are slightly enlarged. ventralscales are larger than dorsals, flat, and slightiy imbricate. Su~radizital scales are smooth. Caudal verticils have . - 4 scales dorsally. Scales are absent in the axillary area. Like other green anoles, ground color varies from brown to bright green, although the green phase in A, aliniger is less bril- liant than that of other species in the group. A butterfly-shaped mark is occasionally present in the sacral area. A white line or mark is present on the upper lip or just below the eye. Adistinct black spot is immediately behind an orange spot in the axilla. Ventral ground color is a dull green. The tail is banded with olive alternating with lighter, often cream-colored bands. The vestigial dewlap is greenish, with scales smaller than ventrals. Juveniles are a dull grayish tan and, unlike adults, do not vary from green to brown. DEFINITION. Anolis aliniger can be distinguished from all other Hispaniolan green anoles by the presence of an axillary spot and the absence of scales in the axilla. DESCRIPTIONS. In addition to the original description by Mertens (1939). detailed descriptions may be found in Will- iams (1965) and Schwartz and Henderson (1991). ILLUSTRATIONS. Black and white photographs of dorsal and lateral views of the holotype are in Mertens (1939). Line drawings were provided by Williams (1965, dorsal view of the head and axilla). DISTRIBUTION. A Hispaniolan endemic, the species is found in a variety of mesic habitats at elevations from about 500-1400 m; this results in a disjunct distribution in the Cordil- lera Central, Sierra de Neiba, and Cordillera Septentrional in the Repiiblica Dominicana, and the Massif du Nord, Montagne Noire, and Massif de la Selle in Haiti (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Apparently native to the North Paleoisland, this species has subsequently invaded the "South Island" (Schwartz 1969, 1980; Powell et al. 1999). The Hispaniolan range was previ- ously illustrated in Williams ( 1965) and Schwartz and Henderson (1991). FIGURE 1. Adult male A~zolis aliniger from La Palma, Provincia de La Vega, Rep~iblica Dominicana (photographs by R.E. Glor). FOSSIL RECORD. de Queiroz et al. (1998) could not dis- tinguish an anole found in Dominican amber from fossil Anolis dominicanus (Rieppel 1980) or extant A. aliniger and A. singularis. PERTINENT LITERATURE. References to Anolis aliniger are arranged by topic: behavior (Mertens 1946, Rand and Wil- liams 1970), systematics (Williams 1965, 1976; Jackman et al. 1997, 1999; Poe 1999), comparative morphology (general: MAP. Distribution of Attolis aliniger. (modified from Schwanz and Henderson 1991). The circle marks the type locality and dots indicate other records. Range outlines are only estimates: apparently suitable habitat extends beyond the boundaries indicated. Williams 1963, 1965; body size: Schoener 1969, 1970; ptery- goid teeth: Williams and Rand 1969; subdigital lamellae: Glossip and Losos 1997; dewlap size: Losos and Chu 1998). ecomorphology (Williams 1983, Moermond 1986, Irschick and Losos 1996, Lrschick et al. 1997, Jackman et al. 1997, Losos and de Queiroz 1997, Beuttell and Losos 1999), habitat (Will- iams 1972, SEA/DVS 1990), natural history (Rand and Will- iams 1969; Moermond 198 1, 1983). This species is included in guides, checklists, and notes by Williams and Rand (1969), Schwartz and Thomas (1975), MacLean et al. ( 1977), Williams (1977), Schwartz et al. (1978). Henderson and Schwartz (1984), Henderson et al. (1984). Schwartz and Henderson (l985,1988,1991), Wetherbee (l988), O'Hare and Williams (1994, see also Williams et al. 1995), Frank and Ramus (1995), Flaschendrager and Wijffels (1996), and Powell et al. (1996, 1999). and R.W. Henderson (eds.), Contributions to West Indian Herpetol- ogy: ATribute to Alben Schwartz. SSAR Contrib. Herpetol., vol. 12, Ithaca. New York. -. L.J. Vitt, P.A. Zani, and J.B. Losos. 1997. A comparison of evolu- tionary radiations in mainland and Caribbean Anolis lizards. Ecol- ogy 78:2 19 1-2203. ETYMOLOGY. The name aliniger is presumably derived from the Latin ala, meaning arm (or wing), and niger, meaning black, obviously in reference to the black axillary spot that char- acterizes this species. COMMENT. Some older references to Anolis aliniger may be included under A. chlorocyanus. LITERATURE CITED Beuttell, K. and J.B. Losos. 1999. Ecological morphology of Caribbean anoles. Herpetol. Monogr. 13: 1-28. de Queiroz, K., L.-R. Chu, and J.B. Losos. 1998. A second Attolis lizard in Dominican amber and the syslematics and ecological morphology of Dominican amber anoles. Amer. Mus. Novitates (3249): 1-23. Flaschendrager, A. and L. Wijffels. 1996. Anolis in Biotop und Ter- rarium. Natur und Tier Verlag, Matthias Schmidt, Miinster. Frank, N. and E. Ramus. 1995. A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. NG Publ.. Inc., Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Glossip, D. and J.B. Losos. 1997. Ecological correlates of number of subdigital lamcllae in anoles. Herpetologica 53: 192-199. Henderson, R.W. and A. Schwartz. 1984. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Spec. Publ. Biol. Geol. (4):l-70. - , - . and S.J. Inchaustegui. 1984. Guia p a n  la indentificacidn de los anfibios y reptiles de la Hispaniola. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Ser. Mono. (Ikl-128. FIGURE 2. Adult male Anolis aliniger. (MCZ 57463) from 7 km N Carpintero, Provincia de San Juan, Republics Dominicana (from Will- iams 1965). FIGURE 3. Axillary squamation of Atlolis alirti,eer (MCZ 79311) from % ,  Irschick, D.J. and J.B. Losos. 1996. Morphology, ecology. and behav- Pxaje LAI Palma, ~ u n i c l ~ i o  constanza, ~rovincii  de La Vega, Repilblica ior of the twig anole, Anolis nngusriceps, p. 29 1-301. 111 R. Powell Dominicana (from Williams 1965). Jackman, T.R., A. Larson, K. de Queiroz, and J.B. Losos. 1999. Phylo- genetic relationships and tempo of early diversification in Anolis Iiz- ards. Syst. Biol. 48:254-285. -, J.B. Losos. A. Larson, and K. de Queiroz. 1997. Phylogenetic stud- ies of convergent adaptive radiations in Caribbean Anolis lizards, p. 535-557. In  T.J. Givnish and K.J. Sytsma (eds.), Molecular Evolu- tion and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Oxford. Losos, J.B. and L.-R. Chu. 1998. Examination of factors potentially affecting dewlap size in Caribbean anoles. Copeia 1998:430438. - and K, de Queiroz. 1997. Evolutionary consequences of ecological release in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 61:459483. MacLean, W.P., R. Kellner, and H. Dennis. 1977. Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Smithson. Herpetol. Info. Sew. (40): 1-47, Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse ei~icr Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. (449): 1-84 + IOpl. -. 1946. Die Warn- und Droh-Reaktionen der Reptilien. Abh. Sencken- berg. Naturf. Ges. 47:l-108. Moermond, T.C. 198 1. Prey-auack behavior of Anolis lizards. 2. Tier- psychol. 56: 128-1 36. -. 1983. Competition between Anolis and birds: a reassessment, p. 507-520.111 A.G.J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.), Advances in Her- petology and Evolutionary Biology. Essays in Honor of Ernest E. Williams. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Massachusetts. -. 1986. A mechanistic approach to the structure of animal communi- ties: Anolis lizards and birds. Amer. Zool. 26:23-37. O'Hare, R.J. and E.E. Williams. 1994. The Ano1i.v Handlist. Hypercard document, Mus. Comp. Zool., Haward Univ., Cambridge. Massa- chusetts. Poe. S. 1999. p. 99-104. In  J.R. Losos and M. Leal (eds.),Aaolis News- letter V. Washington Univ.. St. Louis, Missouri. Powell, R.. R.W. Henderson. K. Adler, and H.A. Dundee. 1996. An an- notated checklist of West lndian amphibians and reptiles, p. 51-93 + 8 pl. I N  R. Powell and R.W. Henderson (eds.), Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz. SSAR Contrib. Herpetol., vol. 12. Ithaca, New York. -, J.A. Ottenw;~lder, and S.J. Inchiiustegui. 1999. The Hispaniolan herpetofauna: diversity. endemism, and historical perspectives, with comments on Navassa Island. I n  B.1 Crother (ed.). Caribbean Arn- phibians and Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego. Rand. A.S. and E.E. Williams. 1969. The anoles of La Palma: aspects of their ecological relationships. Breviora (327): 1-19. -and -. 1970. An estimation of redundancy and information content of anole dewlaps. Amer. Nat. 104:99-103. Rieppel, 0. 1980. Green anole in Dominican amber. Nature 286:48& 487. Sch0ener.T.W. 1969. Size patterns in West Indian Anolis lizards: I. Size and species diversity. Syst. Zool. 18:386401. -. 1970. Size patterns in West Indian A~lolis lizards: 11. Correlations with the sizes ofpanicular sympatric species4isplacement and con- vergence. Amer. Nat. 104: 155-174. Schwartz, A. 1969. A review of the Hispaniolan lizard A~rolis coel(~stinits Cope. Carib. J. Sci. 9:33-38. -. 1980.The herpetogeography of Hispaniola, West Indies. Stud. Fauna Curacao Carib. Isl. 61:86-127. - and R.W. Henderson. 1985. A guide to the identification of the ani- phibians and reptilesof the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Mil- waukee Publ. Mus., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. - and -. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: a check-list. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. (74):l-264. -and -. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descrip- tions, Distributions, and Natural History. Univ. Florida Press, Gaines- ville. -and R. Thomas. 1975. A check-list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. (I):]-216. -, -, and L.D. Ober. 1978. First supplement to a check-list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. (5): 1-35. S E A P V S  (Secretaria de Estado de AgricuIturaPepartamento de Vida Silvestre). 1990. La diversidad biol6gica en la Republica Dominicana: reporte preparado por el Departamento de Vida Silvestre para el Sewicio Alemin de Cooperacicin Social-Technica y Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza (WWD-US). Apendices. Sec. Estado Agric., SURENAPVS. Sto. Domingo, Republica Dorninicana. Wetherbee. D.K. 1988. The Artibonito-Massacre faunal corridor in Re- publics Dominicana. Carib. J. Sci. 24:2>27. Williams, E.E. 1963. Studies on South American anoles. Description of Anolisnrir-us, new species, from Rio San Juan, Colombia, with com- ment on digital dilation and dewlap as generic and specific charac- ters in the anoles. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 129:463-480. -. 1965. The species of Hispaniolan green anoles (Sauria, Iguanidae). Breviora (227): 1-16. -. 1972. The origin of faunas. Evolution of lizard congeners in acom- plex island fauna: a trial analysis. p. 47-89. In  T. Dobzhansky, M.K. Hecht, and W.C. Steere (eds.), Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 6. Appleton- Century-Crofts. New York. --. 1976. West Indian anoles: a taxonomic and evolutionary summary I .  Introduction and a species list. Breviora (440): 1-21. -. 1977. Species problems, p. 132-151. I n  E.E. Williams (ed.), The Third Anolis Newsletter. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge Massachu- setts. -. 1983. Ecomorphs, hunas. island size, and diverse end points in is- land radiations of Anolis, p. 326370 .  I n  R.B. Huey. E.R. Pianka, and T.S. Schoener (eds.), Lizard Ecology. Studies of a Model Organ- ism. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. -and A.S. Rand. 1969. Anolis insolitus, a new dwarf anole of zoogeo- graphic imponance from the mountains of the Dominican Republic. Breviora (326): 1-21. -. H. Rand, A.S. Rand, and R.J. O'Hare. 1995. A computer approach to the comparison and identification of species in difficult taxonomic groups. Breviora (502): 1-47. ROBERT POWELL, Department of Biology, Avila College, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA (powellr@mail.avila.edu). Primary editor for this account, Andrew H. Price. Published 30 June 2002 and Copyright O 2002 by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 

Anolis aliniger

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Anolis aliniger

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