What should we do to maintain a healthy smile? The protection of our teeth for a healthy smile. The causes of caries and methods of treatment. The causes of gingivitis, its prevention, and treatment. Dental diseases. Oral hygiene. The effect of sweets on our teeth. Methods of abscess treatment and dangerous diseases that can lead to it. Natural products that strengthen our teeth

Axrorvich, Ibrohimov Abrorjon

Nuriddinova, Avazova Shahlo

Qahramonjon, Ahmadjonova Ra’noxon

English

JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH

   Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 4, No. 1, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4368   140   PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DENTAL DISEASES  Abstract: What should we do to maintain a healthy smile? The protection of our teeth for a healthy smile. The causes of caries and methods of treatment. The causes of gingivitis, its prevention, and treatment. Dental diseases. Oral hygiene. The effect of sweets on our teeth. Methods of abscess treatment and dangerous diseases that can lead to it. Natural products that strengthen our teeth. Keywords: Caries, Gingivitis, Smile, Abscess, Causes of abscess, Milk abscess, Periodontal, Pulp, Flux, Catarrhal gingivitis, Infectious endocarditis, Glomerulonephritis, Infectious diseases, Filling, Dentist, Dentin, Bone perforation. Information about theauthors Avazova Shahlo Nuriddinova Assistant of the Department of Medicine, Alfraganus Medical Faculty Ibrohimov Abrorjon Axrorvich AFU Dentistry, Group 24/17, Year 1 Ahmadjonova Ra’noxon Qahramonjon Fergana Public Health Medical Insituti Student of the 1st stage ,group 124   Introduction As humanity progresses, the culture of communication plays an essential role in human life. The primary distinction between humans and the animal world is their ability to communicate. A smile is extremely important for people who communicate often, as it helps them leave a good impression on others, separating them from facial expressions. The beauty of our smile is linked to the health of our teeth. Doctors consider white, shiny teeth to be the healthiest. To maintain the natural shine of tooth enamel, it is recommended to consume products such as apples, carrots, cucumbers, and beets, which help guarantee healthy teeth. These products contain vitamins A, B, D, E, K, S, RR, and groups of minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, iodine, fluorine, and iron, which regulate blood circulation and ensure the health of our teeth. Additionally, natural products like walnuts, cashews, leafy greens, cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, eggs, and citrus fruits positively impact the health of our teeth. Cashews, for example, eliminate bacteria that damage tooth enamel. They possess antibacterial properties and can relieve tooth pain. Leafy vegetables help whiten teeth and strengthen gums. Dairy products help prevent caries by increasing calcium in the enamel and preventing both caries and gum diseases. One of the negative factors affecting the health of our teeth is caries, which causes severe pain in the teeth. Naturally, tooth decay is a term that frightens both children and adults, men and women alike. Caries is one of the most common oral diseases. When caries develops, the enamel of the tooth is initially damaged, and if left untreated, it can damage the dentin (the hard tissues of the tooth). The first signs of caries include the appearance of dark spots on the enamel. If these spots are ignored, the diameter of the caries increases, and the pathology may spread deeper into the tooth tissues, potentially    Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 4, No. 1, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4368   141 creating a hole. Caries damages tooth enamel and dentin. If untreated, it can reach the pulp, the soft tissue of the tooth, causing intense pain. Inflammation of the pulp is known as pulpitis. In order to fight caries, we must have adequate knowledge. Treating and preventing diseases is our primary task. If caries is in the initial stages, it is sufficient to enrich the tooth with fluoride and calcium to eliminate it. However, if the disease has progressed to the surface, middle, or deep stages, further action is necessary, and the use of a drill might be unavoidable. To treat caries, the affected part of the tooth must be removed, and its natural shape restored with filling materials. When treating deep caries, it is usually necessary to visit the dentist twice. The first visit involves placing a temporary filling. With the development of modern medicine, new treatment methods are being created. One of the new approaches to treating caries is the chemical-mechanical method. This method involves applying special substances to the affected area, removing the decayed part of the tooth, and then filling it. The advantages of this method are that it is painless and does not require deep intervention. Pathological tissue can also be removed using special powders or through strong air or water spraying. However, this method is effective only in the early stages of caries. Decayed areas can also be removed with lasers, which target the affected tissue and vaporize it. These modern methods are usually less uncomfortable and painless, but they can be quite expensive for the patient. Apart from caries, another disease that negatively affects our teeth is abscess. An abscess is characterized by persistent throbbing and sharp pain. The pain can intensify when pressure is applied to the tooth or when exposed to heat. Swelling may occur around the tooth, gums, and cheeks, and the swelling may decrease under cold conditions. An acute abscess can be painless, but swelling will still be present on the mucous membranes. In some cases, a tooth abscess can spread to surrounding tissues, causing facial swelling and even bone perforation. Sometimes, the lymph nodes in the neck area become inflamed, causing noticeable swelling. Patients may also complain of headaches. This disease arises from several causes. A tooth abscess can develop as a result of untreated dental diseases. Often, it is caused by mechanical trauma, such as a cracked or broken tooth. It can also occur if infection spreads through the bloodstream during conditions like the flu or angina. Furuncles in the jaw area or improper medical procedures can also lead to infection in the tissues. Neglecting the condition or failing to receive timely treatment may result in the disease not healing due to several factors:  Cyst  Improper root canal treatment  Vertical fracture of the tooth root  Associated periodontal diseases  Root perforation into the upper jaw sinus In medicine, there are three types of abscess, which differ as follows: 1. Gum Abscess or Flux – Affects only the gums without impacting the teeth or periodontal ligament. 2. Periodontal Abscess – An inflammatory process in the periodontal pocket, which progresses toward the tooth root. 3. Periapical Abscess – Occurs in the pulp of the tooth, where there is dead tissue. Another common oral disease is gingivitis, which involves the inflammation of the gum mucosa. Gingivitis can be associated with gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disorders, nervous system issues, periodontitis, periodontosis, blood disorders, infectious diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and exposure to heavy metals (such as mercury and lead). Gingivitis and Its Causes Sometimes, poisoning by salt compounds or tartar buildup can lead to gingivitis. Gingivitis may also occur when antibiotics or other medications are taken. Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle,    Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 4, No. 1, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4368   142 pregnancy, and adolescence are also common causes. A decayed tooth edge, incorrectly placed fillings, dentures, or even harsh brushing with a hard toothbrush can damage the gums and lead to gingivitis. Additionally, exposure to chemical substances or burns from hot food can contribute to this condition. In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen, and tender, often bleeding (catarrhal gingivitis). The edges of the gums may be covered with a grayish film, and sores may appear underneath. A foul smell may emanate from the mouth, there may be an excess of saliva, a raised body temperature, and swelling of lymph nodes in the jaw (ulcerative gingivitis). In hypertrophic gingivitis, the gums grow, covering the entire tooth, though there may be no pain. In contrast, in some cases, the tooth root may become exposed. To diagnose gingivitis, a doctor’s consultation is required. Diagnosis is typically done by a dentist, using visual and instrumental examinations. No additional diagnostic tests are usually needed. If the disease is prevented or treated early, the course of the illness can be less severe. However, there are still dangerous aspects of the disease that should be monitored. Risks and Complications If gingivitis is not treated on time, it may lead to the development of complications, including:  Transitioning into chronic gingivitis  Periodontitis  Infection of the jawbones  Hematogenic infections (infectious endocarditis, glomerulonephritis) Treatment of Gingivitis Gingivitis treatment is conducted in various ways depending on the stage of the disease. Soft plaque accumulated on the teeth must be cleaned, and treatment is personalized for each patient. If gingivitis is not treated in time, it can lead to serious complications such as periodontitis, hematogenic infections, infectious endocarditis (heart disease), and glomerulonephritis (kidney disease). After cleaning the gum wounds, the tissue is treated with antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory gels and creams. In cases of long-term gingivitis, antibiotics and pain-relievers may be used. To prevent gingivitis, strict adherence to oral hygiene rules is essential. Quitting smoking is also highly recommended, as it prevents not only gingivitis but also a range of other diseases. Oral Hygiene Teeth should be cleaned thoroughly after every meal, ideally for 2-3 minutes, both in the morning and evening. The choice of toothbrush and toothpaste should be tailored to the patient’s needs, and this will be explained by the dentist. Effects of Sugars on Teeth Sugar and sugary products have a significant impact on the health of teeth. When sugar is consumed, the bacteria in the mouth feed on sugar residues, producing acids that damage tooth enamel. This process occurs daily, and the long-term effects are particularly harmful. It not only damages the external surface of the teeth but also affects them from within. Sweet products, in particular, cause the most harm to teeth, and when not cleaned properly afterward, they can lead to poor oral hygiene. Sticky coatings on the teeth create an ideal environment for bacterial growth, which eventually leads to the formation of tartar. How to Reduce the Harm of Sugar to Teeth? It is not practical to completely eliminate or drastically reduce sugar in the diet, as it is relatively inexpensive and delicious. It is almost impossible to avoid it, especially since sugar is added in various    Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research Vol. 4, No. 1, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4368   143 forms to many modern food products. However, it is possible to control its consumption. The most effective way to neutralize the negative effects of sugar is to reduce the time it remains in the mouth and to remove it quickly after eating. Rules for Using Carbohydrates to Prevent Slow or No Tooth Decay Process:  Do not consume sweets as the last meal of the day.  Avoid eating sweets between main meals.  Do not consume sweets at night.  If any of the above rules are broken, it is necessary to clean the teeth by brushing them, chewing sugar-free gum, using dental floss, or consuming oral cleaning tools like hard apples or carrots. The foundation for maintaining healthy and beautiful teeth is strictly adhering to the fourth point: mandatory oral hygiene after consuming sweets or drinks. This involves cleaning all surfaces of the teeth. The majority of the teeth should be cleaned with toothpaste and a toothbrush at a 45-degree angle. Then, soft back-and-forth movements should be applied to remove food particles. The final stage of brushing involves cleaning the mucous membrane using a hygienic mouthwash. This sequence removes bacteria and sugar residues from the surface of the teeth. This routine should be followed not only in the morning and daytime but also before going to bed. Morning hygiene is also important since the mouth is deprived of oxygen for more than 6 hours during sleep. This is the most favorable time for bacterial growth. Therefore, before going to bed, you can use special solutions or gels based on calcium, fluoride, phosphorus, etc. These will help restore any damage caused to the enamel from the acidic effects during the day. References: 1. DMS.uz 2021, Doctor Maqsudov. 2. Kubayev A.S., Rizayev J.A. “Caries Disease” (A textbook for dental faculty students), Tashkent. P. 3. Inoyatov A.Sh., Kamolova F.R., Rakhmatova D.S., Afakova M.Sh. “Improving the Prevention and Treatment of Tooth Caries in Children.” (New Day in Medicine), 2019, 18-20. 4. www.ziyo.uz 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DENTAL DISEASES

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DENTAL DISEASES

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