Fuller, A., Prof.

Teske, P.R., Dr.

Van Dyk, J.C., Dr.

Name not available

 
 
 
 
 
FACULTY OF SCIENCE 
 
 
 
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 
 
  
 MODULE   HPH3B20 
       
 
            CAMPUS           APK 
 
            EXAM                NOVEMBER 2014 
 
 
 
 
DATE: 01/11/2014       SESSION 12:30 
 
ASSESSOR(S)                           DR PR TESKE 
 
INTERNAL MODERATOR      DR JC VAN DYK 
 
EXTERNAL MODERATOR      PROF A FULLER 
 
DURATION: 1 HOUR                  MARKS    50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NUMBER OF PAGES:  3 PAGES 
 
 
 
 
INSTRUCTIONS:   Answer all the questions. 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 1 (10) 
Define and briefly discuss the following (1-2 sentences each)  
1.1    Kussmaul breathing  
1.2    Biotransformation  
1.3    Hypothermia  
1.4    Mixed acid-base disorder  
1.5    Chemotherapy  
  
  
Question 2  
The hormone aldosterone is primarily involved in the retention of water in 
the kidneys. Why then can the overproduction of aldosterone 
(=aldosteronism) result in alkalosis? 
(4) 
  
  
Question 3  
Explain in detail why the intravenous administration of saline (salt 
solution) can result in the shriveling of red blood cells. 
(4) 
  
  
Question 4  
Prepare a table comparing kwashiorkor and marasmus in terms of the 
following: a) Nutrient(s) insufficient in diet; b) typical age of child, c) main 
cause of nutrient deficiency; d)-e) common symptoms include (yes/no): d) 
swelling of abdomen; e) skin lesions. 
(10) 
  
  
Question 5  
A 70 year old man with a long history of heavy smoking is admitted to 
hospital. The patient breathes heavily and states that he is suffering from 
strong diarrhoea. A blood test shows that the man has a reduced pH (= 
elevated H+) and a reduced bicarbonate (HCO3-) level. Explain in detail 
what is the most likely cause for these symptoms, what has happened to 
the man’s acid-base balance, what this type of disorder is called, and 
how the body tries to compensate. 
(8) 
  
  
Question 6  
Recent scientific advances have facilitated the development of new 
cancer treatments (in addition to traditional chemotherapy, radiation and 
surgery). List and briefly discuss three of these novel approaches. 
(9) 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 7 
The following figure illustrates two mechanisms by which water can move 
between different fluid compartments in the capillary beds. Explain which 
they are, and briefly discuss how they facilitate the supply of peripheral 
cells with oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide. 
 
 
(5) 
  
Total marks (50) 
 
 
 
 


HPH3B20

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