Exam paper for second semester: Ethics, Justice and the South African Environmen

Kelso, C.J., Dr.

Mearns, K., Prof.

Name not available

 
 
 
 
FACULTY OF SCIENCE 
 
 
 
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & ENERGY STUDIES 
 
  
 MODULE GGR0017 
   ETHICS, JUSTICE AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN ENVIRONMENT 
    
 
 CAMPUS APK 
  
 EXAM   2014 
  
 
 
DATE 2014.11.06     SESSION 08:30 – 11:30  
 
 
ASSESSOR(S)      DR. C.J. KELSO  
   
 
EXTERNAL MODERATOR    PROF. K. MEARNS  
       (UNISA) 
 
DURATION 3 HOURS    MARKS   150 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
 
NUMBER OF PAGES:  2 PAGES 
 
 
INSTRUCTIONS:  
 
1. Answer ANY THREE questions. 
 
2. Number your answers clearly. 
 
3. Answer in essay format.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
QUESTION 1 
 
Aldo Leopold’s land ethic and Peter Singer’s work on animal rights are some 
of the earliest and most seminal papers in environmental ethics.  Present the 
environmental ethics arguments within both of these papers; classify the 
ethical positions they originate from; and give a critical evaluation of whether 
they are useful in promoting a different way of relating to our environment.   
          (50) 
 
 
QUESTION 2 
 
“Ought we to save nature if this results in people going hungry?  In people dying?  
Regrettably, sometimes, the answer is yes.” (Rolston, 2003, 459)   
Do human beings deserve rights above nature and natural environments?  
Critically examine Attfield and Rolston’s arguments around this debate.  Are 
there possibly better ways to manage the often competing concerns of 
poverty and conservation? 
          (50) 
 
QUESTION 3 
 
“A close look at various CBC processes across Africa suggests that while communities are 
now included in the politics and policies of conservation, they remain peripheral to defining 
the ways in which conservation is perceived and nature managed.  …”  (Goldman, 2003, 
834).   
Provide a history and critique of community based conservation (CBC) as the 
proposed solution to failing conservation initiatives.  Suggest ways in which 
this concept could be more effectively implemented.  You may use Southern 
and Central African examples in your answer.   
          (50) 
 
QUESTION 4 
 
Each year the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC seeks to come to 
an international agreement on limiting carbon emissions and to allocate 
these reduction targets to specific countries.  Provide a critique of carbon 
capping and the creation of ‘carbon-markets’ as a potential solution to 
climate change.   
          (50) 
 
QUESTION 5 
Are sustainable development and the capitalist economic system inherently 
contradictory?   
Provide a critical assessment of this question with reference to the critique of 
neoclassical economic solutions to environmental problems.   
          (50) 
 
 SUB-TOTAL [50] 
 
        TOTAL [150] 


Ethics, Justice and the South African Environment

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Ethics, Justice and the South African Environment

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