Ponencia presentada en la International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italia, Octubre de 2014Associating a license to data is a fundamental task when publishing data on the Web. However, in many cases data producers and publishers are not legal experts, and they usually have only a basic knowledge about the possible constraints they want to ensure concerning the use and reuse of their data. In this paper, we propose a framework called Licentia that offers to the data producers and publishers a suite of services to deal with licensing information. In particular, Licentia supports, through a user-friendly interface, the users in selecting the license that better suits their needs, starting from the set of constraints proposed to regulate the terms of use and reuse of the data.http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1272/iswc2014_PD_proceedings.pdfFil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Villata, Serena. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Fabien Gandon. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Governatori, Guido. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Lam, Ho-Pun. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Rotondo, Antonino. University of Bologna; Italy.Ciencias de la Computació

Cardellino, Cristian Adrián

Gordon, Fabien

Governatori, Guido

Lam, Ho-Pun

Rotondo, Antonino

Villata, Serena

Information Technology and Nanotechnology

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Cardellino, Cristian

Gandon, Fabien

Rotolo, Antonino

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Licentia: a Tool for Supporting Users in Data Licensing on the Web of Data

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Ponencia presentada en la International Semantic Web Conference, Riva del Garda, Italia, Octubre de 2014Fil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Villata, Serena. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Fabien Gandon. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Governatori, Guido. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Lam, Ho-Pun. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Rotondo, Antonino. University of Bologna; Italy.Associating a license to data is a fundamental task when publishing data on the Web. However, in many cases data producers and publishers are not legal experts, and they usually have only a basic knowledge about the possible constraints they want to ensure concerning the use and reuse of their data. In this paper, we propose a framework called Licentia that offers to the data producers and publishers a suite of services to deal with licensing information. In particular, Licentia supports, through a user-friendly interface, the users in selecting the license that better suits their needs, starting from the set of constraints proposed to regulate the terms of use and reuse of the data.http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1272/iswc2014_PD_proceedings.pdfFil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Cardellino, Cristian Adrián. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Villata, Serena. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Fabien Gandon. Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée Research Centre; Francia.Fil: Governatori, Guido. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Lam, Ho-Pun. Nicta Queensland Research Laboratory; Australia.Fil: Rotondo, Antonino. University of Bologna; Italy.Ciencias de la Computació

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Licentia: a Tool for Supporting Users in DataLicensing on the Web of DataCristian Cardellino1, Serena Villata1, Fabien Gandon1,Guido Governatori2?, Ho-Pun Lam2, and Antonino Rotolo31 INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France - firstname.lastname@inria.fr2 NICTA Queensland Research Laboratoryfirstname.lastname@nicta.com.au3 University of Bolognaantonino.rotolo@unibo.itAbstract. Associating a license to data is a fundamental task whenpublishing data on the Web. However, in many cases data producersand publishers are not legal experts, and they usually have only a basicknowledge about the possible constraints they want to ensure concerningthe use and reuse of their data. In this paper, we propose a frameworkcalled Licentia that offers to the data producers and publishers a suite ofservices to deal with licensing information. In particular, Licentia sup-ports, through a user-friendly interface, the users in selecting the licensethat better suits their needs, starting from the set of constraints proposedto regulate the terms of use and reuse of the data.1 IntroductionIn order to ensure the high quality of the data published on the Web of Data,part of the self-description of the data should consist in the licensing termswhich specify the admitted use and re-use of the data by third parties. Thisissue is relevant both for data publication as underlined in the “Linked DataCookbook”1 where it is required to specify an appropriate license for the data,and for the open data publication as expressing the constraints on the reuse ofthe data would encourage the publication of more open data. The main problemis that data producers and publishers often do not have extensive knowledgeabout the existing licenses, and the legal terminology used to express the termsof data use and reuse. To address this open issue, we present Licentia, a suiteof services to support data producers and publishers in data licensing by meansof a user-friendly interface that masks to the user the complexity of the legalreasoning process. In particular, Licentia offers two services: i) the user selectsamong a pre-defined list those terms of use and reuse (i.e., permissions, prohi-bitions, and obligations) she would assign to the data and the system returns? NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department ofBroadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian ResearchCouncil through the ICT Centre of Excellence program.1 http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/Linked_Data_Cookbookthe set of licenses meeting (some of) the selected requirements together withthe machine readable licenses’ specifications, and ii) the user selects a licenseand she can verify whether a certain action2 is allowed on the data releasedunder such license. Licentia relies on the dataset of machine-readable licenses(RDF, Turtle syntax, ODRL vocabulary3 and Creative Commons vocabulary4)available at http://datahub.io/dataset/rdflicense. We rely on the deon-tic logic presented by Governatori et al. [2] to address the problem of verifyingthe compatibility of the licensing terms in order to find the license compatiblewith the constraints selected by the user. The need for licensing compatibilitychecking is high, as shown by other similar services (e.g., Licensius5 or CreativeCommons Choose service6). However, the advantage of Licentia with respect tothese services is twofold: first, in these services compatibility is pre-calculatedamong a pre-defined and small set of licenses, while in Licentia compatibility iscomputed at runtime and we consider more than 50 heterogeneous licenses; sec-ond, Licentia provides a further service that is not considered by the others, i.e.,it allows to select a license from our dataset and verify whether some selectedactions are compatible with such license.2 Licentia: services for supporting data licensingLicentia is implemented as a Web service 7. It is written as a Play Frameworkapplication in Scala and Java, using the Model-View-Controller architecture, andpowered with SPINdle [3] Java library as background reasoner. The architectureof the Web service is shown in Fig. 1. The workflow is defined by three steps:selection and specification of licensing conditions, reasoning and incompatibilitychecking, and process and return of results.Selection and specification of conditions. Using the web interface form, the dataproducer and publisher specifies a set of licensing conditions she wants to as-sociate to the data. These conditions are divided into three categories: permis-sions (e.g., Distribution), obligations (e.g., Attribution) and prohibitions (e.g.,Commercial Use). The chosen set of conditions is taken by a server side con-troller, which also gets, through a SPARQL endpoint from a RDF triplestoreserver containing our licenses repository, a list of the stored licenses and theircorresponding conditions. This data is delivered to a module that handles theinformation and formalizes it into defeasible logic rules for process in SPINdle8 –a modular and efficient reasoning engine for defeasible logic and modal defeasible2 In the interface, we adopt the terminology and the rights of the ODRL vocabulary.3 http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/4 http://creativecommons.org/ns5 http://oeg-dev.dia.fi.upm.es/licensius/6 https://creativecommons.org/choose/7 A demo video of Licentia showing the finding licenses service is available at http://wimmics.inria.fr/projects/licentia/.8 http://spin.nicta.org.au/spindle/index.htmlFig. 1: Licentia Web service architecture.logic [3]. Licentia is based on the logic and the licenses compatibility verificationprocess proposed by Governatori et al. [2]. The module translates the licensesand the set of conditions from the RDF specification to defeasible logic rules sothat SPINdle can reason over them. The module considers every single license inthe repository and compares them to the list of conditions selected by the user.Reasoning and incompatibility checking. SPINdle returns a set of conclusionsfor each license’s conditions compared to the set of conditions selected by theuser. From these conclusions, the module gets the set of incompatible conditionschosen by the user with respect to each license: all defeasible non provable rulesare incompatible conditions. If this list is empty, then the license is compatible tothe set of conditions the user selected. After the module gets all the conclusionsfor each license, it has two partial results: one containing compatible licenses, andone containing incompatible ones. If the set of compatible licenses is non empty,the module divides this set in two parts: one with those licenses containing thecomplete set of user’s conditions, and the other with those licenses that do notcontain all the user’s conditions (but still are compatible), highlighting thoseuser’s conditions that are not explicitly mentioned in such license. If the set ofcompatible licenses is empty, the module returns the set of incompatible licensesalong with a list highlighting for each license what are the user’s conditions thatare incompatible with the license.Process and return of results. If a set of compatible licenses is returned, thecontroller provides a view listing all the licenses that are compatible and containthe user’s selected conditions on the top of the page. Secondly, it returns a listof all other compatible licenses that do not share all of the user’s conditions, inascending order by the number of not contained conditions, highlighting each ofthe user’s conditions that are not explicitly defined in the license. If the set ofincompatible licenses is returned, the controller filters all licenses not matchingany of the conditions the user selected, keeping those licenses containing at leastone of the conditions chosen by the user. If the filtered set is non empty, thesystem shows a message stating there is no license in the repository compatiblewith the selected conditions, but there exist some licenses that meet some ofthe conditions. Such licenses are thus listed in ascending order by number ofincompatible conditions, highlighting every unmet condition. In any case, thelist provides a link to the legal specification of the license as well as a link toa downloadable RDF version of the license. If no compatible license is foundthen a disclaimer is shown. Note that the evaluation of the performances of theSPINdle9 reasoning module to verify the compatibility of licensing terms hasbeen presented in [2].3 Future PerspectivesIn this demo, we present the Licentia tool that proposes a set of services forsupporting users in data licensing. We are currently finalizing the second service(verification of compatible actions with respect to a specific license), and weare increasing the number of considered machine readable licenses. We plan toextend Licentia by integrating an improved version of the generator of RDFlicenses specifications from natural language texts introduced in [1]. Finally, auser evaluation should not be underestimated in order to improve the usabilityof the user interface.References1. Cabrio, E., Aprosio, A.P., Villata, S.: These are your rights - a natural languageprocessing approach to automated rdf licenses generation. In: ESWC. Lecture Notesin Computer Science, vol. 8465, pp. 255–269. Springer (2014)2. Governatori, G., Rotolo, A., Villata, S., Gandon, F.: One license to compose themall - a deontic logic approach to data licensing on the web of data. In: ISWC. LectureNotes in Computer Science, vol. 8218, pp. 151–166. Springer (2013)3. Lam, H.P., Governatori, G.: The making of SPINdle. In: Proceedings of RuleML,LNCS 5858. pp. 315–322. Springer (2009)4. Maher, M.J., Rock, A., Antoniou, G., Billington, D., Miller, T.: Efficient defeasiblereasoning systems. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools 10, 483–501(2001)9 SPINdle has been experimentally tested against the benchmark of [4] showing thatit is able to handle very large theories, indeed the largest theory it has been testedwith has 1 million rules.

Licentia : a tool for supporting users in data licensing on the web of data

Abstract. Associating a license to data is a fundamental task when publishing data on the Web. However, in many cases data producers and publishers are not legal experts, and they usually have only a basic knowledge about the possible constraints they want to ensure concerning the use and reuse of their data. In this paper, we propose a framework called Licentia that offers to the data producers and publishers a suite of services to deal with licensing information. In particular, Licentia sup-ports, through a user-friendly interface, the users in selecting the license that better suits their needs, starting from the set of constraints proposed to regulate the terms of use and reuse of the data. 

Licentia : a tool for supporting users in data licensing on the web of data

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