Vinita Nagar, Society of Pharmaceutical Technocrats, 1/7756, Street no. 1, East Gorakh Park, Shahdara, Delhi, India 110032
Doi
Abstract
Oligopeptides, i.e. biopolymers containing up to fifty amino acids, are being recognized as first-line treatments for a growing number of disorders. The review encompasses various aspects of the application of these active pharmaceutical ingredients, ranging from methods for obtaining a peptide molecule and formulating a dosage form, including excipients and their key properties, to various information on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide drugs supported by scientific experimental data, as well as modern quality control methods. The review considers that the application of peptide therapeutics covers a wide range of diseases. They include cancers of various genesis; bacterial infections; type 2 diabetes, neurological diseases, and eye diseases. The review notes that this is just a small fraction of the nosologies in which peptide bioregulators have demonstrated effective clinical activity. The review considers the role of excipients. A distinctive feature of the review is the consideration of innovative methods for quality control of peptide therapeutics. The methods include: high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation with flow-through rotors, dynamic laser light scattering, small-angle laser light scattering. The review specifically highlights the analysis of dispersion in turbid and opaque media – two-dimensional dynamic laser light scattering based on the kinetics of diffuse reflection with data analysis using a mathematical topological model. A non-invasive method for detecting intrinsic radiothermal emission of biologically active nanoparticles, which can be easily used for peptide molecules, is also described. The review presents a hypothesis according to which the background level of peptides forms a specific electromagnetic field of cells and tissues.
Keywords: peptide drugs, modern drugs, safe drugs, peptide drugs review, peptide synthesis, peptide pharmacokinetics, peptide pharmacodynamics, drug excipients
