Boeninger, Clara

Eben, Astrid

Herz, Annette

Katz, Peter

Martin, Jakob

Rademacher, Jörg

Reineke, Annette

Vogt, Heidrun

English

OA OpenAgrar repository

46 DGaaE-Nachrichten 37 (1), 2023control agents that may supplement current control measures. The research project “ParaDrosu”	(2021-2024)	aims	at	developing	an	innovative	biological	management	strategy based on the release of these pupal parasitoids. Aspects investigated include successful mass rearing of parasitoids, which requires suitable hosts, the right climatic conditions and diets for the adults. Moreover, the rearing system must	be	efficient	as	well	as	economically	viable.	Within	the	project,	parasitoid	populations	from	different	areas	in	Germany	will	be	collected	and	tested	for	their	performance with the aim to introduce these populations into the existing rearing stock	to	maintain	parasitoid	quality.	Performance	under	different	climatic	conditions	was	tested	and	optimal	storage	conditions	were	defined.	An	appropriate	parasitoid	application technique ensuring both, optimal protection during transport and release	and	sufficient	dispersal	in	the	crop	will	be	developed.	Furthermore,	the	best release times, intervals and parasitoid numbers will be determined. Relevant plant	protection	products	are	tested	for	negative	side	effects	on	the	parasitoids	to	define	possible	incompatibilities	as	well	as	suitable	timing	for	integrated	pest	management	strategies.	Semi-field	and	field	trials	are	conducted	in	Southern	Germany	to	examine	the	parasitoids’	efficiency	in	controlling	D. suzukii in berry fruit	cultivation.	Results	from	the	described	research	project	should	lead	to	defining	mass production technology as well as develop detailed instructions for successful use to control D. suzukii in protected berry fruit cultivation under Middle European climatic conditions.The project “ParaDrosu” – Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii by application of native pupal parasitoids – a closer look Jakob	Martin1, *,	Clara	Boeninger2,	Heidrun	Vogt3,	Astrid	Eben3,	Annette	Reineke2,	Jörg	Rademacher4,	Peter	Katz4 &	Annette	Herz11 Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim2 Hochschule Geisenheim University, Department of Crop Protection, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366 Geisenheim3 Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim4 Katz Biotech AG, An der Birkenpfuhlheide 10, 15837 Baruth * E-Mail: jakob.martin@julius-kuehn.deDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive pest of fruit and berries. The attack of undamaged ripening fruit is a major challenge for pest	control	and	effective	means	of	biological	control	to	manage	D. suzukii in Germany do not exist yet. In its native range, D. suzukii	is	attacked	by	different	Hymenoptera, such as the cosmopolitan pupal parasitoids Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Pteromalidae). European populations of both species can successfully parasitize D. suzukii. Prior to application of parasitoids on a commercial scale, a suitable application density 47DGaaE-Nachrichten 37(1), 2023must	be	determined	and	specified	for	different	types	of	crops	and	culture	systems.	Furthermore,	the	“area	of	activity”	is	of	interest,	i.e.	whether	a	parasitoid	is	active	near ground level or in the berry zone. To answer these questions with a focus on protected	berry	cultivation,	a	model	trial	was	started	on	the	experimental	field	of	Julius Kühn-Institute in Dossenheim. Three raspberry plantings (plot size 20 m²) were netted with a standard net (mesh 0.8 cm); one additional planting was free-standing.	All	plantings	were	artificially	infested	with	D. suzukii. Two netted plantings were	subject	to	weekly	releases	of	either	five	female	T. drosophilae /	m²	or	five	P. vindemmiae / m²; the third plot and the free-standing planting served as controls. To determine parasititoid activity, raspberries were baited with fresh D. suzukii pupae and	weekly	exposed	in	the	plantings	for	five	days	from	August	to	mid-October.	Afterwards,	the	pupae	were	removed	and	incubated.	Of	the	6,400	exposed	pupae,	4,272 were retrieved in the laboratory, from which 3,435 insects eclosed (2,508 D. suzukii, 401 T. drosophilae, 526 P. vindemmiae). The maximum parasitation rate in a planting was 39.8 % for T. drosophilae and 45.4 % for P. vindemmiae. The latter was mostly detected in the upper berry zone (120-190 cm) and most active from mid-September	until	October,	while	T. drososphilae was mostly detected near ground level and did not show a temporal focus. Both species parasitized bait pupae in all four	plantings.	The	first	model	trial	in	summer	2021	demonstrated	that	the	method	for quantifying parasitoid activity is suitable but showed the limitations of testing while	using	a	standard	net	to	separate	different	treatments.	Further	model	trials	in	2022	will	focus	on	comparing	the	efficacy	of	the	two	species	under	modified	testing	conditions, such as a lower release rate. It will hopefully help to better understand the activity of released parasitoids in protected berry cultivation.The project Antago-Senecio: Herbivorous insects for the control of tansy ragwortSophie	Mülller 1,*,	Annette	Herz 1,	Peter	Ströde 2 &	Till	Kleinebecker 3 1 Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim2 Justus Liebig University (JLU), Professorship of Organic Farming, 35394 Giessen3  JLU – Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, 35392 Giessen* E-Mail: Sophie.mueller@julius-kuehn.deThe rising number of tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) in grassland, especially under low management intensity, is highly problematic for grazing livestock due to the poisonous impact of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in these plants. This phenomenon also exacerbates the use of those ragwort-rich grasslands for grazing or hay and silage production. Current management and control practices are time consuming or rely on herbicides which may be banned in future, why an innovative and self-regulating method is needed to secure the livelihood of farmers and the preservation of diverse and protected grasslands. Therefore, one aim of the	EIP-Agri-Project	“Antago-Senecio”	is	to	find	local	and	specialized	herbivorous	insects as potential biological control agents for the regulation of tansy ragwort. The 

The project “ParaDrosu” – Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii by application of native pupal parasitoids – a closer look

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The project “ParaDrosu” – Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii by application of native pupal parasitoids – a closer look

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