Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of <i>Nocardiopsis maritima</i> YSL2 as the Mycorrhizosphere Bacterium of <i>Suaeda maritima</i> (L.) Dumort

Abstract

Nine bacteria were isolated from the episphere of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. Among them, the bacterial strain YSL2 displayed the highest antimicrobial activity on agar plates and exhibited significant novelty compared with other bacteria based on 16S rRNA analysis. Consequently, Nocardiopsis maritima YSL2T was subjected to phenotypic characterization and whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close association with Nocardiopsis aegyptia SNG49T. Furthermore, genomic analysis of strain YSL2T revealed the presence of various gene clusters, indicating its potential for producing antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Upon cultivation on a large scale, maritiamides A and B (1 and 2) were isolated and characterized as cyclic hexapeptides based on nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectrometric data. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues in the maritiamides were determined through chiral derivatization, utilizing FDAA and GITC. Maritiamides 1 and 2 exhibited promising antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and weakly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens