(a, d, g) Root mean square error(), corresponding to fitting the time-dependent contact rate learned by TDINN algorithm using c1(t), c2(t) and c3(t) in Xi’an, Guangzhou and Yangzhou. (b, e, h) Root mean square error(), corresponding to fitting the time-dependent quarantine rate learned by TDINN algorithm using q1(t), q2(t) and q3(t) in Xi’an, Guangzhou and Yangzhou. (c, f, i) Average root mean square error (), corresponding to fitting epidemic data using model (1) based on various combinations of the family of functions (4) and (5) in Xi’an, Guangzhou and Yangzhou.</p