Standard deviation (± SE) of random environmental fluctuations resulting in the fixation of sex in more than 50% of the populations.

Abstract

Results are shown as a as a function of the intensity of the negative frequency-dependent selection resulting from the Red Queen Hypothesis (inverse of parameter m) and for different levels of the cost of sex. Open dots and solid lines: cost of sexual reproduction of 2.0; closed dots and solid lines: cost of sexual reproduction of 1.8; open dots and dashed lines: cost of sexual reproduction of 1.6; closed dots and dashed lines: cost of sexual reproduction of 1.2. The single point in the lower left part of the plot corresponds to no cost of sex and no negative frequency-dependent selection, allowing comparison with the previous prediction of [54] (see text).</p