Loss of expression of <i>dbt</i> in <i>tim-</i>GAL4-expressing neurons can lead to a sleep decrease during the nighttime, while loss of expression of <i>dbt</i> with <i>per-</i>GAL4 can lead to a sleep increase during the daytime.

Abstract

(A and E) Sleep profiles of male flies with down-regulated dbt expression from tim-GAL4 and per-GAL4. n (UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 46, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+) = 48, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48 in A; n (UAS-dicer/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48, n (per-GAL4/+) = 45, n (UAS-dicer/per-GAL4; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48 in E. (B) Average sleep amount during daytime and nighttime with down-regulated dbt expression from tim-GAL4 driver. n (UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 46, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+) = 48, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (C) Average sleep bout duration during daytime and nighttime with down-regulated dbt expression from tim-GAL4 driver. n (UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 46, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+) = 48, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (D) Activity counts/awake time with down-regulated dbt expression from tim-GAL4 driver. n (UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 46, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+) = 48, n (UAS-dicer/Y; tim-GAL4/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (F) Average sleep amount during daytime and nighttime with down-regulated dbt expression from per-GAL4 driver. n (UAS-dicer/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48, n (per-GAL4/+) = 45, n (UAS-dicer/per-GAL4; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (G) Average sleep bout duration during daytime and nighttime with down-regulated dbt expression from per-GAL4 drivers. n (UAS-dicer/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48, n (per-GAL4/+) = 45, n (UAS-dicer/per-GAL4; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (H) Activity counts/awake time with down-regulated dbt expression from per-GAL4 driver. n (UAS-dicer/+; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48, n (per-GAL4/+) = 45, n (UAS-dicer/per-GAL4; UAS-dbtRNAi/+) = 48. (I-L) The expression patterns of tim-GAL4 detected with UAS-mCD8-GFP and stained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-PER (red). The tim-GAL4 is expressed in the clock neurons, including the L-LNvs (upper arrow in I and J), optic lobe (lower arrow in I), s-LNv (lower arrow in J), DNs (K) and LNds (L). Scale bar = 50um. (M-R) The expression patterns of per-GAL4 detected with UAS-mCD8-GFP and stained with anti-GFP (green in M-R), anti-PDF (red in N), anti-PER (red in O) and anti NC82 (red in M & P-R). The per-GAL4 is not only expressed in parts of LNvs (arrow in N), DNs (arrow in O) but also in other areas including the ellipsoid body (upper arrow in P and arrow in Q), antennal lobe (AL) (lower arrow in P), medio-lateral antennal lobe tract (lower arrow in R), and lateral horn (upper arrow in R). Scale bar = 50um. ns. no significant difference, *p-GAL4/+ control flies, while orange bars (or lines) represent the treatment flies. The horizontal bar below each graph presents day (white) and night (black).</p