Phase-Transition Mo_1–<i>x</i>V_<i>x</i>Se₂ Alloy Nanosheets with Rich V–Se Vacancies and Their Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

Alloys of transition-metal dichalcogenide can display distinctive phase evolution because of their two-dimensional structures. Herein, we report the colloidal synthesis of Mo1–xVxSe2 alloy nanosheets with full composition tuning. Alloying led to a phase transition at x = 0.7 from the semiconducting 2H phase MoSe2 to the metallic 1T phase VSe2. It also produced significant V and Se vacancies, which became the richest in the 2H phase at x = 0.3–0.5. Extensive spin-polarized density functional theory calculations consistently predicted the 2H–1T phase transition at x = 0.7, in agreement with the experimental results. The vacancy formation energy also supports the formation of V and Se vacancies. Alloying in the 2H phase enhanced the electrocatalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at x = 0.3 (in 0.5 M H2SO4) or 0.4 (in 1 M KOH). The Gibbs free energy along the HER pathway indicates that this maximum performance is due to the highest concentration of active V and Se vacancy sites