Synthesis and Conformational Study of the First Triply Bridged Calix[6]azatubes

Abstract

The first C3v- and D3h-symmetrical triply bridged calix[6]azatubes were prepared in good yields from the known 1,3,5-tris-methylated calix[6]arene through an efficient [1 + 1] macrocyclization reaction. A remarkably regioselective hexa ipso-nitration reaction led to a calix[6]azatube substituted at the wide rim in alternate position by tBu and nitro groups. A 1H NMR study showed that, whereas the parent bis-calix[6]arenes self-include their methoxy groups, thereby closing their inner tube, the nitro-substituted calix[6]azatube undergoes a conformational change with the expulsion of the methoxy groups, hence presenting a three-dimensional structure open for host−guest applications