(A) CM treatment induces representative histopathological changes in the outer medulla of H&E-stained kidney sections. (B) Tubular injury is graded by the Paller score, a semi-quantitative evaluation. For each kidney section, 100 tubules from 10 highmagnification (×200) fields of the inner and outer medulla are scored. The average Paller score is much higher in CI-AKI rats than controls ((8.2 ± 0.9) vs. (3.6 ± 1.2), P < 0.05).</p