ZIF-Derived Co_9–<i>x</i>Ni_<i>x</i>S₈ Nanoparticles Immobilized on N‑Doped Carbons as Efficient Catalysts for High-Performance Zinc–Air Batteries

Abstract

Bimetallic sulfides have been attracting considerable attention because of their high catalytic activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction; thus, they are considered efficient catalysts for important energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Here, the catalytic activity of a novel catalyst composed of Co9–xNixS8 nanoparticles immobilized on N-doped carbons (Co9–xNixS8/NC) is reported. The catalyst is synthesized using a Ni-adsorbed Co–Zn zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursor (NiCoZn-ZIF). Because of the porous structure of ZIF and the high intrinsic activity of the bimetallic sulfide nanoparticles, the Co9–xNixS8/NC catalyst exhibits high half-wave potential 0.86 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode for ORR and outstanding bifunctional catalytic performance. When Co9–xNixS8/NC is applied as a cathode catalyst in zinc–air batteries, considerably higher power density of about 75 mW cm–2 and discharge voltage are achieved compared to those of batteries with commercial Pt/C and other ZIF-derived catalysts. The zinc–air battery with the Co9–xNixS8/NC catalyst shows a high cyclability more than 170 cycles for 60 h with almost negligible decline at 10 mA cm–2. Our work provides a new insight into the design of bimetallic sulfide composites with high catalytic activities