The stimulus is a recording of a man juggling, viewed front on. An outline of the juggler’s body and the juggling balls are visible in the stimulus itself and in each of the decodings. This shows that the neural populations have learned to encode the stimulus in their activity. This figure is available as a video in S1 Video. (a) DVS stimulus spikes (rD) smeared exponentially in time with membrane potential time constant τ, corresponding to the best possible decoding from the neural populations. (b) Decoding of the stimulus instantaneous firing rate from the activity in the excitatory population, . (c) Decoding of the stimulus instantaneous firing rate from the activity in the inhibitory population, .</p