<p>(A, C) 293T cells were transfected with 1 μg of either HA-TRAF3, Flag-IKKi, Flag-TBK1 or RNF11-GFP. Co-IPs were conducted using anti-Flag followed by immunoblotting with anti-HA and anti-Flag. Immunoblotting was performed with lysates using anti-Flag, anti-HA, anti-GFP and anti-Actin. (B, D) 293T cells were transfected with IFN-β luciferase reporter (200 ng), pRL-tk (20 ng), and 1 µg of RNF11, TRAF3, IKKi or TBK1. Dual luciferase assays were performed with protein lysates 24 h later. *, p<0.05. <i>Error bars, S.D.</i></p